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Photonics

Photonics Devices & System Overview

What is Optoelectronics /Photonics


Is there any Difference ?
Optoelectronics:
Any device that operates as an electrical-tooptical or optical-to-electrical transducer.

Photonics:
"Photonics" comes from "photon" which is
the smallest unit of light just as an electron
is the smallest unit of electricity. "Photonics
is the generation, process and manipulation
of photon to achieve a certain function.

Why Do We Need Photonics instead of


Electronics?
An All - Pervasive Technology
1) Uninhibited light travels thousands of times faster than
electrons in computer chips. Optical computers will
compute thousand of times faster than any electronic
computer can ever achieve due to the physical limitation
differences between light and electricity.
2) Can packed more wavelengths (that is information
channels) into a optical fibre so that the transmission
bandwidth is increased than conventional copper wires.
3) Light encounters no electromagnetic interference than
that of electron in copper wires.

What is a photonic transistor?


A transistor is a switch that is turned on and
off by signals from other switches. They
perform logic, store information and are the
work horses of digital computing. Photonic
transistors use light to perform the switching
functions that are performed by electronic
transistors in conventional computers.

OPTOELECTRONICS application
Displays.
Display:
alarm clock, TV and video recorder,
microwave cooker and some ovens.
Liquid crystal displays
watches, calculators, telephones,
portable radios, tape and CD players
office machines such as faxes and copiers.
Most laptop computers & Large flat screen TVs have
liquid crystal displays.

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Communications.
A phone call outside local area
To link computers,
outside broadcast TV cameras,
Banks, Stock Exchange dealing rooms, etc.
Cameras.
Camcorders and Digital still cameras
depend on a high quality multi- component optical lens.
Entertainment.
TV remote controller
sends a coded infra-red beam to the set. CD player
uses a laser diode

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Manufacturing.
Lasers are being used for cutting and welding .
Clothes made in large quantity are cut to shape using
a laser.
The gears in car have probably been welded to the
shaft using a laser.
The symbols all over the dashboard have been
produced using a different type of laser to remove the
black overcoat from a colored.

CAREERS INVOLVING
OPTOELECTRONICS
Optoelectronics Engineer .
Biological Researcher and Technician
uses microscopes with video camera attachment .
Civil Engineer
uses a laser beam with a theodelite to create a straight line over
long distances to measure the angle of a proposed road bridge
from a reference position.
Auto focus camera lens designer
uses computer programs to design the lens, the sensors and
electronics to measure the sharpness of the image to control the
focus, and CAD (Computer Aided Design) to design the
components and housings.
Heating Engineer
uses a Thermal Imaging camera to give a high quality picture
showing the temperature distribution across a scene.
Communications System Installer
couples optical fibers to electronic systems to route the
information between computers, monitors etc. or to control a
production machine.

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Conservation Specialist
uses laser beams to blast away the grime that has built up on
buildings and statues
Environmental Inspector
uses a laser beam projected into the smoke plume from a factory
to monitor the levels of the different gases emitted .
Quality Control Inspector
uses apparatus which measures the precise color spectrum of the
food product .
Surgeon
uses a slip-on device over the patients thumb which monitors an
infra-red beam to continuously measure the pulse rate. Also inserts
a fiber optic endoscope into the patient with a camera attached.
Skilled Machinist
uses various types of laser beam under computer control
e.g. to cut holes finer than a human hair,
treat or decorate the metal surface,
join components together in a vacuum

Technology - SCOPE

Light wave communications


Consumer Photonics
Pervasive computing

Optoelectronics Devices & System


Overview

From System Perspective

System Structure

Optoelectronic Communication System Structure

Optoelectronic Components

Typical Optoelectronic Components

Optoelectronics in
Optical Communication System

Next figure Network Example shows


characteristics of Long-Haul Networks and how
these are tied into the multiple regional backbone
providers for residential, cellular, and corporate
networks.

Continue

Network Example

Substrate Material: Waveguide

Assembly processes are being evaluated to couple the


signal from the waveguide to an active optical
component.
The key issues are component-to-waveguide assembly
methods, equipment to minimize interfacial optical signal
loss, alignment variations, and long-term stability.

Waveguides in PWB Technology

Example of Waveguides in PWB Technology

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