By

S. VIJAYAKUMAR
M. K. SANIL
M. NISHA
T. M. SHABIN ALI

WASTE
An unusable / unwanted

substance or material.
Rejected as worthless.

Eg) Rubbish, trash, garbage or

junk

WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Collection
source separation
storage
transportation
transfer
processing
treatment
disposal of waste

WASTE
MANAGEME
NT
@ To extract
maximum
practical benefits.
@ To generate
minimum amount
of waste.
@ Reduce
negative impacts
- on environment
& society.

TYPES OF WASTES

SOURCES OF WASTES

*Domestic wastes

- Eg) paper, plastic, glass,

ceramics, vegetable wastes

*Commercial wastes

- Eg) printer paper,

meat remnants

*Ashes

- Eg) coal, wood and coke.

- Open burning of wastes also generates ashes

*Animal Wastes
- rejected feed

- Eg)dung of animals

*Biomedical Wastes

- Eg) expired drugs,

plastic syringes, surgical dressings

*Construction Wastes

- Eg) metal
rods, bricks, cement, concrete, roofing
materials
- digging activities Eg) telephone,
electricity, drainage

*Industrial Solid Wastes

-Eg) garment
factory would dump textiles of various
kinds

*Sewer

- removed from sewerage left on the roadside

*Hazardous wastes

- potentially

dangerous
- react explosively with air or water
- Change in the genetic structure of individuals

*E

Waste

- electronics disposed

-E.g.) Secondary computers, electronics,

mobile phones, television sets & refrigerator

*Nuclear waste

- containing radioactive

material

- product of a nuclear fission

Effects of waste If not

managed
Affects our health
Affects our socio-economic conditions
Affects our coastal and marine

environment
Affects our climate
Rise in global temperatures
Rise in sea levels

Methods of Waste Mgmt.

Disposal Methods
a) Land fills
Convenient
Inexpensive
Destruction of food sources
Desalination

Incineration
Requires minimum land
Can be operated in any weather

Expensive to build and operate

Continuous maintenance

Recycling methods
a) Biological
reprocessing
b) Energy recovery
i)Pyrolysis
ii)Gasification
Key to providing a livable
environment for the future

Expensive
Some wastes cannot be recycled
Technological push needed

Practical Issues
Lack of awareness
Unplanned growth and development of cities
Land availabilty
Un sorted waste. mixture of bio-degradable

and non bio-degradable

Some wastes cannot be recycled
Unsightly - smell, waste, vermin
requires proper planning, design, and
operation

Bio-Methanation
Process
Materials that are organic in nature, such as
plant material, food scraps
convert starch or sugary agricultural feed
stock into a methane rich gas mixture
three stages, namely, hydrolysis, acid-genesis
and methane formation
Process is very slow
Installing is expensive.

Suggestions
Improve product design to use less materials.
use biodegradable materials
maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets
At Source Treatment, Separation of materials

should be done at source

Encourage eople to reuse materials rather
than purchase new ones.

Case Study
Name of Project : CochinWaste 2 Energy Pvt Ltd
Type of Process : BESI W2E Gasification Technology
Capacity : 35 tons/day
Land Area : 1 Acre
Location : Willington Island, Cochin
Type ofWaste : Industrial effluent Sludge, e-waste,Biomedical

waste,food waste, Wood waste,

Power Generation : 1 Mega Watt per hour.
SolidWaste generated from Plant: Recovered sterilized metals for
recycle. Vitrified glass. Inert Ash
Revenue Stream : Tipping fee. Sale of Power generated. Residue.
Carbon Credits
Collection Mechanism :Through specially designed enclosed refuse
trucks meeting international norms
Waste Stream Analysis : School of Environmental Studies,
CUSAT