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irreversible increase
in volume
cell expansion driven
by turgor pressure
sum of local cell
expansions
Pertumbuhan &
Perkembangan
PERTUMBUHAN
Yaitu proses pertambahan jumlah, bentuk,
ukuran serta fungsi sel akibat adanya
pembelahan sel.
Bersifat kuantitatif, dapat diukur dengan
suatu alat ukur tertentu, serta dapat
terlihat secara fisik.
Bersifat irreversibel
Untuk tanaman dapat diukur dengan
Auksanometer (busur tumbuhan pada
tanaman). Untuk manusia dan hewan
dengan menggunakan alat ukur yang
beragam.
The Growth
Hormones
Apical dominance
Inhibition of the growth of lateral buds by
Penyembuhan luka
dan keterlibatan
auxin
Auxin
Pengembangan sel
Phototropisme
Geotropisme
Apical dominasi
Pertumbuhan akar (root initiation)
Parthenocarpy
Abisission
Pembentukan callus (callus formation) dan
Respirasi
Pengembangan sel
Gibberelli
ns
Gibberelins
stimulate stem elongation by stimulating cell
division and elongation
stimulates bolting/flowering in response to long
days
breaks seed dormancy in some plants which
require stratification or light to induce
germination
stimulates enzyme production (a-amylase) in
germinating cereal grains for mobilization of
seed reserves
can cause seedless (parthenocarpic) fruit
development
can delay senescence in leaves and citrus fruits
AUXIN
GIBBERELLIN
regulates elongation in
grass seedlings and
herbs
stimulates only cellular
elongation
controls elongation in
the mature regions of
trees and shrubs
stimulates cell division
and elongation
Cytokinins
Found in active dividing
structures, seeds, fruits, leaves
and root tips
Central to tissue culture
methods and extremely
important in biotech.
modifying apical growth.
The cytokinin/auxin ratio
regulates the production of
roots and shoots in tissue
cultures
AUXIN VS CYTOKININ
Auxins:
- They are produced in the apical part of the
plant.
- They prevent the development of the
axillary buds.
- They favour the rhizogenesis ...
(development
of roots).
Cytokinins:
- They are produced in the roots.
- They prevent the development of roots.
- They favour the development of the
axillary buds.
Ethylene
Plays a role in fruit ripening
Promotes abscission (shedding of leaves,
flowers and fruit)
Triggers enzymes that promote fruit
loosening from trees
Auxin prevents abscission (prevents
preharvest)
High concentration does the opposite