PRESENTATION TOPIC

ABS
( Anti-lock Brake
System )

Group Members

Ammar Majeed Butt (Intro)

(2011-ME-183)

Muhammad Rehan (Components)

(2011-ME-210)

Hafiz Faran Baig (Working)

(2011-ME-194)

Asad Shaukat Ali (Types)

(2011-ME-186)

Lets have a short glimpse of

HISTORY

BRAKING SYSTEMS IN
CARS

One of the most essential systems of

the car
Used to:
Stop the moving the car
Different types of braking systems have been
used in the cars and engineers have been
working to improve this system from that very
day when the car started to move

Early Braking Systems

Drum Brakes

Used a drum design

Components housed inside a round drum
Basic component was a set of shoes
Mechanism
Main disadvantage

Disc brakes

Use calipers on either side of the spinning disc

Brake pads within the calipers
Mechanism
Advantage over drum brakes

PROBLEMS WITH THESE SYSTEMS

Not very efficient

Take time to stop a fast moving car
The car skids off when sudden brakes
are applied in fast speed

REASON OF SKIDDING

At a high speed the car has some

momentum
Brakes applied:

As a result

Wheels tend to stop

But car (due to momentum) keeps on moving
Relative motion between the wheels and the
car
This scenario locks up the wheels

ABS
(Anti-lock Brakes
System)

WHAT ARE ANTI-LOCK BRAKES?

ABS (Anti-lock Brakes System) is the

most efficient braking system used in
the vehicles now-a-days

These brakes allow the driver to stop

a fast moving car :

Efficiently
in a very short interval of time
Without skidding off

COMPONENTS AND WORKING OF

ABS

E
N
O
P
M
S
O

T
N

Four major components

Speed Sensors

Valves

Pump

ECU (Engine Control Unit) or The

Controller

Speed Sensors

Located in each wheel

Sense when the wheel is going to
lock
Send the information to ECU

Valves

Present in brake line of each brake

Used to take off the pressure from

the brake calipers

Pump

Present in the brake line

Pumps the pressure back onto the

calipers

ECU (Engine Control Unit) OR

ABS CONTROLLER

Can be regarded as the BRAIN of a

car

A computer which:

Receives information from different components

commands all the components of various
systems accordingly

COMPONENTS AND WORKING OF

ABS

G
N
I
K
R
O
W

The controller monitors the speed

sensors all the times

When sudden brakes are applied,

before a wheel locks up, it will
experience a rapid deceleration

A locked-up wheel stops immediately

and spins the car

Before the wheel locks up, i-e before it

rapidly decelerates, the ABS controller
commands the corresponding valve to
reduce the pressure

This accelerates that wheel

The controller then commands the pump

to increase the pressure again until it is
going to decelerate again

Then it commands the valve to decrease

the pressure
The process is repeated again and again

Note: It can do this very quickly, before the tire can actually
significantly change speed. The result is that the wheel slows down at
the same rate as the car, with the brakes keeping the tires very near
the point at which they will start to lock up

This gives the system MAXIMUM braking

power

Working of ABS (Schematic

Diagram)

When the ABS system is in

operation:

the driver will feel a pulsing in the

brake pedal
this comes from the rapid opening
and closing of the valves

! Some ABS systems can

cycle up to 16 times per
second

BRAKE TYPES

One-channel, one-sensor ABS

It has one valve, which controls both rear

wheels

one speed sensor located in the rear axle

The rear wheels are monitored together and

they both have to start to lock up before the
ABS kicks in

Three-channel, three-sensor ABS

This is four-wheel ABS

commonly found on pickup trucks

a speed sensor and a valve for each of the front

wheels

one valve and one sensor for both rear wheels

Three-channel, four-sensor ABS

a

speed sensor on all four wheels

separate valve for each of the front

wheels

only

one valve for both of the rear

wheels

Four-channel, four-sensor ABS

There is a speed sensor on all four wheels and

a separate valve for all four wheels

the controller monitors each wheel

individually to make sure it is achieving
maximum braking force

This is the best scheme

ABS in Pakistan
Following cars of different companies
have ABS in them
Corolla
Gli
Altis
Gli

1.6

Honda

City
Civic
Accord

Suzuki

Swift
Liana lxi
Eminent

Chevrolet

Optra

EFFECTIVENESS

A 2003Australianstudy by Monash
University Accident Research Centre
found that ABS:

Reduced

the risk of multiple vehicle crashes

by 18 percent
Reduced the risk of run-off-road crashes by 35
percent
(Reference:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system#cite_note-17

A June 1999
National Highway Traffic Safety Admin
istration
(NHTSA) study found that ABS
increased stopping distances on
loose gravel by an average of 22
percent

(Reference:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-lock_braking_system#cite_note-17
)

ABS manufacturers formed their own

group called the ABS Education
Alliance and their study showed that
4-wheel ABS cars had 2800 fewer
front-end collisions than regular cars
during the same time-period
(Reference:Antilock Brake System Safety | eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/way_5782168_antilock-brake-system-safety.htm
l#ixzz1u0xg6W4T
)

SUMMARY

ABS is the most efficient braking system

until now

It makes driving easier

It HAS saved many lives and is

considered to save many in future

Margin for improvement is and will be

there

The fight for improvement in technology

is fought by us

ENGINEERS
This is who we are..!!

TH A
S

NK