The Flavoring Industry

Five Basic Flavors

Sweet
Sour
Salty
Bitter
Umami

The Flavoring
Industry

Popular Conception of
Flavor
Flavor = Taste + Odor

The Flavoring
Industry

The Flavoring
Industry

Apple Flavor
Apple tastes merely sour, with traces of bitterness
{tannins}
Odor due to acetaldehyde, amyl formate, amyl acetate +
other esters in volatile proportion

The Flavoring
Industry

Best Flavor Essences

Natural Products altered reinforced where necessary by
synthetics
Vehicle: alcohol

The Flavoring
Industry

Many essential oils find application in the

flavor industry:

Spice oils
Citrus oils
Peppermint
Spearmint

The Flavoring
Industry

The esters of

Ethyl
Methyl
Amyl
Propyl
benzyl alcohols
Acetic
Propionic
Butyric
Salicylic
Caproic
Formic
Valeric

The Flavoring
Industry

Strawberry Flavor
Ethyl ester of methylphenylglycidic acid

The Flavoring
Industry

Raspberry/Cherry Flavor
Benzyl acetate

The Flavoring
Industry

Pineapple Flavor
Allyl caproate

The Flavoring
Industry

Other common compounds used for

flavoring:

Cinnamaldehyde cinnamon
Diacetyl butter
Menthol mint
Isoamyl acetate banana

The Flavoring
Industry

Natural Fruit Concentrates

Essential Oils used in flavoring are the same grade and
source as those used for perfumes
However, fruit flavors are handled in somewhat different
manner because of the presence of:
[1] \water in most common fruits.
Banana 75% water
Mango 83 % water
Strawberry 90% water
[2] considerable amounts of sugar and other easily
fermented materials

The Flavoring
Industry

Special Processes to be Employed:

1. Distillation and Extraction of the fruit
.ripe fruit is stoned and comminuted
.Subjected to steam distillation and rectification until all
aroma is concentrated in a small portion of the aqueous
distillate
.Extraction with low-boiling petroleum ether. The ether is
removed under vacuum to leave an
essence/quintessence of the fruit

The Flavoring
Industry

Special Processes to be Employed

1. Distillation and Extraction
.Cherry, apple, strawberry, and raspberry are treated by
this method

The Flavoring
Industry

Special Processes to be Employed:

2. Extraction of the Juice
The expressed/filtered juice is extracted directly without
distillation.
Occasionally, the juice is allowed to ferment slightly
before extraction to result in a fuller flavor

The Flavoring
Industry

Special Processes to be Employed:

3. Concentration of the Juice
a. By Evaporation
-the expressed and filtered juice is concentrated in
vacuum evaporators with a low degree of heat until the
water is largely driven off and the sugar concentration is
high enough to inhibit bacterial growth[60%].
This method often has a jam, or cooked flavor,
especially in the case of strawberries.

The Flavoring
Industry

Special Processes to be Employed:

3. Concentration of the Juice
b. Progressive Freeze Concentration/Cryoconcentration
- the mush of practically pure water ice is filtered off,
and the partly
- the optimum method of producing concentrates

The Flavoring
Industry

VANILLA
Beans grown principally in Madagascar, Tahiti, and
Mexico
It is the immature fruit of the orchid Vanilla planifolia
The glucoside glucovanillin present in the bean is acted
upon by a ferment and split into gluose, vanillin, and
other aromatics.

The Flavoring
Industry

VANILLA
Substances identified present in the vanilla bean are:
Anisic acid, alcohol, and aldehyde
Vanillic acid and alcohol
Cinnamic acid and its esters
Vanillin
Ethyl vanillin
And possibly other homologs of vanillin

The Flavoring
Industry

CHOCOLATE AND COCOA

Cacao Bean, the seed of Theobroma cacao L.
Grows in the tree in pods with 30-60 beans.
Pods are split open, and the watery pulp containing the
seeds is allowed to ferment in boxes

CHOCOLATE AND COCOA

Fermentation
Liquefies the pulp
Kills the embryo
Reduces the toughness of the bean
Frees theobromine [C7H8N4O2] from the glucoside
Reduces the astringent tannin content

The Flavoring
Industry

MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE [MSG]

Sodium 2-aminopentanedioate
C5H8NO4Na

An important flavoring agent, yet has no flavor of its own

Accentuates the hidden flavors of food when it is used

The Flavoring
Industry

MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE

The Flavoring
Industry

Thank You for Listening :D