Kebolehpercayaan

Sejauh mana instrumen mengukur dengan tekal

apa yang hendak diukur.
Scores from measuring variables that are stable
and consistent

Testretest
Reliability

Types of Reliability
Internal
Consistency
Reliability

Equivalent
Forms
Reliability

Test-Retest
Reliability
Merujuk kepada ketekalan atau stabiliti
markah ujian jika dilakukan pada masa
yang berbeza.
Contoh:
Ujian diberikan kepada 100 individu untuk satu masa dan
diulangi pada masa berlainan. Dua set markah ini
dikorelasikan. Sekiranya individu memperoleh markah
tertinggi dalam ujian 1 juga memperolehi markah tertinggi
dalam ujian 2, begitu juga individu yang mendapat markah
terendah dalam ujian 1 juga mendapat markah terendah
dalam ujian, maka dikatakan mempunyai korelasi yang
tinggi. Oleh itu soalan ujian tersebut mempunyai
kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi.

Equivalent Forms
Reliability
Refers to the consistency of a group of individuals scores on
two equivalent forms of a test designed to measure the
same characteristic.
Menggunakan satu alat yang dibina dan satu lagi yang
piawai.
Ditadbir ke atas subjek yang sama dan pada masa yang
sama atau masa yang lain.
Equivalent form means that two tests are constructed so
that they are identical in every way except for the specific
items asked on the test.
This means that they have the same number of items, the
items are the same difficulty level, the item measure the
same construct, and the test is administered, scored, and
interpreted in the same way.
The two set of scores are than correlated. If this reliability
coefficient to be very high and positive, that is the
individuals who do well on the first form of the test should
also do well on the second form, and individuals who
performed poorly on the first form of the test should perform

Internal Consistency
Reliability
Internal consistency refers to how consistently the items
on a test measure a single construct or concept.
The test-retest methods of assessing reliability are general
methods that can be used with just about any test.
Internal consistency measures are convenient and are
very popular with researchers because they require one
group of individuals to take the test one time.
Two indexes of internal consistency:
o Split half reliability
o Coefficient alpha

Split-half reliability

Splitting a test into two equivalent halves and

then assessing the consistency of the scores
across the two halves of the test.
Divide the test into halves and correlate the
scores from the two halves.
Compute the correlation between scores on the
two halves of the test using Spearman-Brown
formula.
The low correlation indicates that the test was
unreliable, a high correlation indicates that the
test was reliable.

Coefficient alpha
Lee Cronbach 1951) developed coefficient alpha..
Alpha Cronbach
Coefficient alpha tells you the degree to which
the items are interrelated.
Rule of thumb:
At a minimum, greater than or equal to .07 for
research purposes and somewhat greater than
that value (e.g. .09) for clinical testing
purposes.

Meningkatkan
Kebolehpercayaan

Pernyataan item mestilah jelas dan tepat.

Arahan mestilah jelas dan ringkas.
Item hendaklah bentuk sejenis.
Situasi dan masa pengukuran hendaklah piawai,
serupa dan terkawal.
Elakkan gangguan ke atas subjek.
Elakkan kebimbangan subjek dengan memberi
jaminan keselamatan dan kerahsiaan ke atas
maklumat yang diberi.