HTG 1 Physic 100305

Introduction to Hydraulics
By Jason Lim
Introduction
So what is HYDRAULICS ?
The word Hydraulics is derived from a Greek word
HYDORwhich means water.This comprised all things in
affiliation with water.
Today we understand under the term hydraulics the Transmission
and control of force and movement by means of fluid.
Fluid is therefore used to transmit energy .Mineral oil is used
generally although a synthetic fluid,water or oil
- water emulsion can be used .
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Introductioncont
Hydraulics are also used in the following specified areas:

Machine Tools
Presses
Plastic Machinery
Heavy Machinery
Civil Eng
Shipbuilding
Construction Machines
Mining
Agricultural Eng
Food , Drinks Tobacco and Packaging Industries
and many others etc......
Introduction.cont..
The field of Hydro Mechanics is broken down as follows:-
Hydrostatic - Mechanic of still fluid A good example is the

transfer of force in Hydraulics.
Hydrodynamic - mechanics of moving fluid.

A good example is the conversion of flow energy in turbines in
a hydro electric plant.
Introduction.cont..
So by knowing that Hydraulics means

transmission of energy,
What other type of power transmission are
there ?
Hydraulic TANK or RESERVOIR
Air Bleeding Plug

Hand control Valve
Motor
Filler / Breather
Pressure Relief Valve
Integral Oil Cooler
RRcs - 1B Constant Pressure
Automatic Cone Control System
Hydraulic Power Pack
Radial Piston Pump
60 L
Aluminium
Tank
Suction Strainer
Return Line Filter
Check Valve
Soleniod Unloading Valve
Physic Terms
1 ) Mass
- A weight force is created by a mass on the ground due to gravity
- Symbol : m
2 ) Force
- According to Newtons Law :
Force = mass x acceleration
- If the general acceleration a is replaced by the acceleration due to due to
gravity g ( g = 9.81 m/s2 ) , the following is obtained :
Weight force = mass x acceleration due to gravity
F
=
m x
g
For a mass 1kg, this results in a weight force of
F = 1kg x 9.81 m/s2
= 9.81kgm/s2
- The SI unit for force is the Newton
1N = (kg m)/ s2
A mass of 1kg creates a force of 9.81N on the ground
Physic Termscont.
FORCE :1daN
= 10N
1kN
= 100daN
1000daN = 1 t
Physic Termscont.
3 ) Pressure
- In description of processes involving fluids, pressure is one of the most
important quantities.
- If a force acts perpendicularly to a surface and acts on the whole surface,
then the force F divided by the area of the surface A is the pressure P
_F_
A
- The derived SI unit for pressure is the Pascal:
1N / m2 = 1 Pascal ( 1 Pa )
- In practice, it is more common to use the bar unit
1 bar
= 105 Pa
Physic Termscont.
Pressure applied to a confined static fluid acts equally and

undeminished in all directions, with equal force on equal
areas at right angle to all contacting surface.
F
P
Pressure reaction in liquid
PRESSURE ACTS EQUALLY IN

ALL DIRECTIONS
Pressure reaction due to external forcecont
PRESSURE DUE TO EXTERNAL FORCE

PASCAL
F
F :- FORCE IN NEWTONS
A :- AREA IN CM SQUARE
P
P :- PRESSURE IN Bar
Pressure reaction due to external force cont
FLUID
PRESSURE IN
AN
IRREGULAR
CONTAINER
Physic Termscont.
AREA : 1m 2 = 10000cm,
1mm = 10 cm = 0.01 cm
-2
Calculation
F
P= A
EXAMPLE: Given that

2
2
A1 = 10cm = 0.001m
10
= 0.001m 2
10000
F = 10000 N
Culculate the pressure required?
@#+*&$ %
$#@!)(&*
Area which is in
cm to be converted
into m
Calculationcont
10000N
p=
F
A
0.001m2
=10000000 N = 100.105 Pa
m 2 = 100 bar
Therefore : 1 Bar = 100000 Pa

10000000 N
m2 = 10000000 N
100000 Pa
= 100 Bar
Calculationcont
Example 2
Given that :P = 100.10 Pa
A2 = 1cm2 = 0.0001m2
Culculate the Force required?
F = p. A
5
= 100.10 Pa . 0.0001m
N.m
= 1000
m2
F = 1000 N
Force transmission
F1
p1
FORCE TRANSMISSION
F2
A1
A2
p2
Requirement for equilibrium :
F1
p1 =
A1
F2
p2 =
A2
Force transmission.cont..
F1
p1
FORCE TRANSMISSION
F2
A1
A2
p2
The following equation applies when the system is in equilibrium
p1 = p2
Force transmission.cont..
F1
p1
FORCE TRANSMISSION
F2
A1
A2
p2
The following equation applies when the system is in equilibrium
p1 = p2
Simple Hydraulic
Circuit
Hydraulic Circuit
Hydraulic Circuit
CYLINDER
FLOW CONTROL VALVE
DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
RETURN LINE FILTER
PUMP
MOTOR
TANK / RESERVOIR
Hydraulic Circuit.cont..
1 ) Hydraulic Pump,
2 ) Hydraulic Tank
3 ) Check valve
4 ) Pressure Relief Valve
5 ) Cylinder
6 ) Directional Control Valve
7 ) Flow Control Valve

HTG 1 Physic 100305

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HTG 1 Physic 100305

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Introduction to Hydraulics

Hydraulics are also used in the following specified areas:

Hydrostatic - Mechanic of still fluid A good example is the

Hydrodynamic - mechanics of moving fluid.

So by knowing that Hydraulics means

Hydraulic TANK or RESERVOIR

Air Bleeding Plug

Pressure applied to a confined static fluid acts equally and

Pressure reaction in liquid

PRESSURE ACTS EQUALLY IN

Pressure reaction due to external forcecont

PRESSURE DUE TO EXTERNAL FORCE

Pressure reaction due to external force cont

EXAMPLE: Given that

Culculate the pressure required?

Therefore : 1 Bar = 100000 Pa

Requirement for equilibrium :

The following equation applies when the system is in equilibrium

The following equation applies when the system is in equilibrium

FLOW CONTROL VALVE

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE

PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE

RETURN LINE FILTER

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