A Technical Seminar Presentation

WiMAX
( Worldwide Interoperability for
Microwave Access)

Presented by
P. Manoj Kumar.
DRK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
 seminar Contents
Ø Previous technology
Ø Abstract
Ø Introduction
Ø Goals of WiMAX
Ø Operating Principle of WiMAX
Ø How WiMAX Works
Ø Protocols For Connection Handoff
Ø WiMAX System Types
Ø WiMAX Standards Evolution
Ø WiMAX Over Other Technologies
Ø Technical Specifications of 802.16A
Ø Advantages of WiMAX
Ø WiMAX Applications
Ø Future of WiMAX
Ø Conclusion
Ø
Previous technology--- Wi-Fi

 What is an Wi-Fi ?
 What is the technology used in Wi-Fi ?
 What are the Limitations of Wi-Fi over WIMAX ?
 What are the reasons for the development of WIMAX ?


 Abstract
 The IEEE 802.16 standard (WiMAX) has been
proposed to provide the last-mile connectivity to the
fixed locations by radio links.
 WiMAX can use base stations to provide high speed
data connections for voice ,data & video services to
distances over 30km.
 WiMAX are designed to allow from point to point
(PTP) ,point to multipoint(PMP) and mesh
networks.
 WiMAX equipments are used as various versions of
smart antennas ,OFDM & sometimes mesh to
provide alternatives to wired communication.
 Introduction
 WiMAX can provide broadband access to internet
 efficiently.
 WiMAX could replace cables and DSL services
providing universal Internet access.
 WiMAX is similar to Wi-Fi –turning your computer ON
will automatically connect you to the closest
available WiMAX antenna.
 Original WiMAX system was designed to operate at 10-
66 GHz and it must tune to 2-11 GHz frequency for
broadband wireless access(BWA).
 WiMAX can provide multiple types of services to the
same user with different QoS Levels.
 It is possible to install a single WiMAX transceiver in
an office building & provide internet browsing and
telephone services on the same WiMAX connection
 WiMAX was designed to mix the contention based and
contention free to provide services have different
quality of service levels.
 Goals of WiMAX
 The goal of WiMAX is to provide high-speed internet
access in a coverage range several kilometers in
radius .
 WiMAX provides about 70Mbps with a range of 50
kilometers.
 WiMAX standard has the advantage that it can support
both LOS ( line of sight ) as well as NLOS( non
line-of-sight )
 WiMAX can provide 20Mbps speed in case of small
obstacles like trees ,houses .It cannot cross hills &
large buildings.
 Operating principle of WiMAX
 WiMAX uses point-multipoint link where it consists of
base transceiver station ,a central antenna which
communicates with subscribers antennas .
 The IEEE 802.16 standard have two categories
ØFixed WiMAX : provides for fixed line
communication with an antenna mounted on a
rooftop , like a TV antenna .
ØMobile WiMAX : allows mobile client
machines to be connected to the internet .
Mobile WiMAX opens the doors to mobile
phone use over IP , and even high-speed mobile
services.

HOW WIMAX WORKS ??
  A WiMAX tower : similar to the concept of phone tower,
which can provide the coverage to rural areas.
ü
ü A WiMAX receiver : the receiver and antenna could be a
small box or PCMCIA card .
ü
ü Non-line-of-sight : this is Wi-Fi sort of service where a
small antenna on your computer connects to the tower
,which uses a lower frequency range –2GHz to 11GHz
ü
ü Line-of-sight : Here a fixed dish antenna points straight at
the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole, which is more
stable and stronger connection .This uses a frequency
range of possibly 66GHz



Protocols for connection handoff
 The previous architecture represents the hierarchical
mobile IP for 802.16d network.
 The objective of handoff is to maintain the IP connectivity
between the subscribers station and the corresponding
host
 A major goal is to minimize the packet loss and delay .
 The PFA(Primary Foreign Agent) serves as the “anchor
point” for each SS i.e. data from and to a given SS
always goes through the corresponding PFA.
 The PFA also keeps track of the operational parameters
for the 802.16d connections associated with the SS.
 The communication path associated of multiple IP tunnels
and packets are forwarded by tunneling
Wimax system types
 Some of the different types of uses that WiMAX provides
 Point to Point (PTP) : Here the connection may be
independent from all other systems or networks.
 Point to multipoint(PTMP) : It allows a radio system to
provide services to multiple users.
 WiMAX can also be setup as mesh networks allowing
the WiMAX systems to forward packets between the
base stations and subscribers without having to install
communication lines between the base stations .

Wimax standard evolution
 802.16 broadband wireless systems have evolved with
different standards over time.
 To provide wireless broadband service in lower frequency
range, the 802.16A specification was created that
operates in the 2-11Ghz.
 To provide both fixed and mobile service ,the 802.16E
specification was developed.
Wimax standard differences
Wimax radio channel types
 The previous figure shows that radio channels can be
single or multiple carriers
 The bandwidth of WiMAX radio channels can vary from
1.25Mhz to 28Mhz in steps of 1.75MHz
 It also shows that a WiMAX system that is using
multicarrier OFDMA and how some of the subcarriers
have been assigned to a specific user
 Wimax over other technologies

3G Wi- Fi WiMAX MOBILE- Fi

802.11 802.16 802.20
Max speed 2Mbps 54Mbps 100Mbps 16Mbps

Coverage Several miles 300 feet 50 miles Several miles

Airwaves Licensed Un-licensed Either Licensed

Advantages Range Speed, price Speed ,range Speed

,mobility ,mobility
Disadvantages Slow, Short range Interference High price
expensive issues ?
 Wi-Fi:
 802.16 is highly complex standard which contains from
day one, many of the features that are being retrofitted
with various degrees of clumsiness and baggage into Wi-
Fi .
 cellular technologies:
 WiMAX is a serious threat to 3G because of the
broadband capabilities ,distance capabilities and ability to
support voice effectively with full QoS.
 Handset makers such as Nokia will be banking on this as
they develop smart phones that support WiMAX as Well
as 3G.
Technical specifications of 802.16a
 802.16 operate at up to 124Mbps in the 28MHz
channel,802.16a at 70Mbps in lower frequency.
Fundamental technologies in 802.16a :

OFDM(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)

 OFDM is well established and is incorporated in some

new generation carrier services as well as being
fundamental to digital TV.
 It transmits multiple signals simultaneously across one
cable or wireless transmission path ,within separate
frequencies ,with the orthogonal element spacing these
frequencies to avoid interference.
ü


Support for smart antenna :
ü smart antenna mechanisms are one of the most
important methods of improving spectral efficiency in non-
cellular wireless networks .
ü It is an approach for the reconstruction of network to support
more users at fast rates, offering broadband performance
and quality over a wireless link.

Dynamic frequency selection in unlicensed spectrum :
 This is critical to support difficult user environments with
hundreds of users per channel at high bandwidth and a mixture
of continuous and burst traffic.

Protocol independent core :
 WiMAX can transport IPV4 ,IPV6 ,ETHERNET and others
,supporting multiple services simultaneously and with quality
of service.



 Mesh:
ü mesh is the optional topology for subscriber –to-subscriber
communication in non-line of sight 802.1a
ü To allow overlapping ,adhoc networks in the unlicensed
spectrum and extend the edges of the WMAN’S range are
low cost.
ü It allows a community to be densely seeded with WiMAX
connections at low cost with robust communications as
there are multiple paths for traffic to take
 security:
 802.16 also includes measure for privacy and encryption
 Authentication with X.509 certificates and data encryption.

 Quality of service :
 802.16 is concerned with quality of service(QoS),which
enables NLOS operation without severe distortion of the
signal from buildings ,weather and vehicles.
 Voice and video require low latency but tolerate some error
rate ,while most of the applications are error free ,but can cope
with latency
 FDD & TDD :
 The standard also supports both frequency and time division
multiplexing to enable interoperability with cellular and other
wireless systems.
 FDD ,the legacy duplexing requires two channel pairs one for
transmission and other for reception.
 TDD uses a single channel for both upstream and downstream
transmissions, dynamically allocating bandwidth depending on
the traffic requirements.
 Advantages of wimax
ü Stall wired broadband and make wireless the key
platform of the future .
ü Extends the range of Wi-Fi so that the myth of ubiquitous
wireless can become a reality.
ü Provide an alternative or complement to 3G
ü Provide an economically viable communications
infrastructure for developing countries and mobile
black spot regions in developed nations .
Wimax applications
 Mobile WiMAX can be used to provide voice-over-IP
services in the future through the low-latency design
,can provide innovative new services such as voice
chatting, push-to-talk, multimedia chatting , audio
streaming, gaming, IP-TV(internet protocol television).
 WiMAX operates in a mixture of licensed and unlicensed
spectrum , and the initial products will be focused on
2.5GHz and 3.5GHz licensed and 5.8GHz unlicensed
bands.
 The licensed spectrum gives operators the chance to apply
for franchises for fixed wireless broadband provision
,especially in rural, remote areas with low cost.
 The unlicensed spectrum have the chance to provide
backhaul services for hotspots, which have the potential
to create nationwide wireless network.
 FUTURE of wimax
 WiMAX movement continues to focus on mobile
opportunities ,it is traditional fixed wireless market that
will remain the technology’s bread and butter through
2009.
 The Worldwide wireless broadband is expected to grow by
40 percent yearly through 2010 .
 The mobile WiMAX community is faced with political
,technical and competitive challenges since the 802.16e
specification is not yet finished .
 FLASH OFDM ,TD CDMA and future revisions of 3gpp
and 3gpp2 will also play a role in both the fixed and
mobile markets
 FLASH OFDM ,already have considerable technical and
time to market advantages over mobile WiMAX
 Conclusion
 WiMAX is the most important of the host of the host
wireless standards emerging from the IEEE and 3G
bodies
 WiMAX has created the interest and market acceptance of
wireless networking .
 Within five years ,we expect WiMAX to be the dominant
technology for wireless networking .
 As the cellular operators move to IP based 4G systems
,they will embrace WiMAX, which will be catalyst for
shakeout of operators.
 Wimax will be the most significant technology to date
making wireless access ubiquitous ,creating a major
shakeup of the traditional wireless and mobile
communication sector
 THANK YOU