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EIN

Vera Evelyn Juliani


(131111010)
Dita Deswita Sari
(131111012)
Annisa Agustina
(131111013)
Qumairy Lutfiyah
(131111014)
Anna Nurwachidah R. H.

Arrhythmia is a conduction disorder that results


in an abnormally slow or rapid regular heart
rate or at an irregular pace.
Some arrhythmias do not require treatment,
Whereas others require immediate intervention
because they are potentially fatal. The most
common cause arrhythmias is ischemic heart
disease.

Arrhytmias originating in the Sinoatrial (SA) Node


- Sinus Bradycardia
- Sinus Tachycardia
- Supra ventricular Tachycardia
- Atrial Flutter
- Atrial Fibrillation
Arrhythmias Originating in the Atrio ventricular
(AV) Node
Arrhythmias Originating in the ventricles
- Premature ventricular contraction
- Ventricular Tachycardia
- Ventricle Fibrillation

Bowel Disorders Formation


This disorder can occur actively or passively. When
the excitatory disturbance actively formed outside
the normal order of delivery pathways, often causing
ectopic rhythm disturbance, and when form often
leads to passively escape rhythm (rhythm
replacement)
Conduction disorders
Heart rhythm abnormalities can caused by barriers
on delivery (conduction) flow stimuli called blockade.
Impaired formation and conduction stimuli
Heart rhythm disturbances can occur as a result of
interference with the formation of excitatory stimuli
delivery disruption.

A commoncause of arrhythmiasinclude:
(Margaret Eckman, 2010)
Congenitaldefects
Ischemiaormyocardial infarction
Organicheartdisease
Drug intoxication
Impulseconductiontissue degeneration
Connective tissue disorders
Electrolyteimbalance
Cellular hypoxia
Hypertrophyof the heart muscle
Acid-baseimbalance
Emotionalstress

Dyspnea
Hypotension
Dizziness, syncope, and weakness
Chest pain
Cool, clammy skin
Altered level of consciousness
Reduced urine output

Assessment of Structural Heart Disease

Holter Monitoring

Event Recording

Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram and T Wave


Alternans

Electrophysiologic Testing

Pacemakers and Defibrillators

Radiofrequency Ablation

Antiarrhythmic Medications

Stroke

Heart failure

Angina

Heart attack

Sudden death

The outlook for cardiac arrhythmias depends on the type of


rhythm disturbance and whether the person has coronary
artery disease, congestive heart failure, or some other
heart muscle disorder.
The prognosis for ventricular fibrillation is grave, and death
follows quickly without emergency treatment. Most atrial
arrhythmias have an excellent prognosis.
The outlook is good for heart block, even third-degree A-V
block, the most serious type. The availability of
permanent pacemakers, implanted
cardioversion/defibrillation devices and effective
medications has improved the prognosis for many people
with serious cardiac arrhythmias.

I
S
R
U
N
NG
C A RE

ASSESSMENT
Patient

identity
Physical assessment
Lifestyle and occupational history
General assessment
Review of System

REVIEW OF SYSTEM

B1 (Breathing)
Assess the chest form, breath sound and the symmetry of chest
movement. Examine presence or absence of breathing aids.
B2 (Blood)
Assess the pulse, blood pressure, heart sound, Capillary Refill Time
(CRT), tissue perfusion and the presence or absence of cyanosis.
B3 (Brain)
Assess the clients level of consciousness, Glasgows Coma Scale,
pupil, sclera, and convulsion.
B4 (Bladder)
Assess the presence or absence of urinary catheter or tools. Examine
urine output, color and smell of urine.
B5 (Bowel)
Assess the presence or absence of bowel sounds and flatulence,
plugging tool of eating (NGT). Assess the amount of bowel movement,
color, consistency and frequency.
B6 (Bone)
Assess movement joints, bones and skin.

NURSING DIAGNOSIS

Cardiac Output, risk for decreasedRisk factors


may include

Poisoning, risk fordigitalistoxicity

Knowledge, deficient (Learning Need) regarding


cause, treatment, self care, and discharge
needs.

INTERVEN
SI

EVALUATION
Subject
- Patient breathing with normal respiration, occur decrease of
activity intolerance or normal activity.
- Decreases of anxiety
Object
- Patient get some information about their ilness.
- Family of patient also get information about illness of patient.
Assessment
- Patient in suitable coping, can habits with their conditions.
Plan
- Patient can healthy like before and getting their normal
activity.

1. Inas: why acid and base can be the etiology


of arrhythmias. explain more about normal
acid and base
2. Atul: natural factor that cause arrhythmia
3. Hamzah: The differences for usual
arrhythmias and
4. Reni: Indication and contraindication for the
medication of arrhythmia
5. Yunita: what kind of treatment for the
patient in video and the best treatment

6. farida: explain about the electrocardiogram.


PQRST wave of arrhythmias
7. zakiah: clinical appearance>hypertension
8. rena: which type of arrhythmias that more
dangerous?
9. arifin: management for pregnant women
with arrhythmias

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