7.

1 heat is a form of energy

1.
2.
3.
4.
a)
b)

Heat is a form of energy

Every living things need heat to
keep its body warm.
Heat is very useful in our daily life.
Everyday we use heat for:
Cooking food
Boil water

c) Dry wet cloth

d) Dry hair after shower
e) Iron cloth / school uniform
f) Warming homes for those who live in
the cold climate
g) Melting metal (by blacksmith)
5. How heat can be produce?
a) Through friction
b) Through burning
c) Through electricity

Heat and
temperature
Heat

-heat is the

hotness of an
object.
- Its can be
measured in
Joule (J)

Temperat
ure

temperature is the
degree of hotness.
- It is measured in
kelvins (K) or degree
celcius (oC)
-

7.2 heat flow and its effect

expand

Solid, liquid and gases

when
heated.
2. Liquids expand more than solids while
gases expand most when heated.
1.

gases
3.

liquid

solid

On the other hand, solid, liquid and gases

contract when cooled.

expansion

4. On
, the
volume of substance increases.

contraction

5. On
, the
volume of a substance decreases.

Heat flow
Heat can flow from one place to
another.
2. It can flow in three different ways:
1.

conduction, convection and

radiation.

Conduction
1
-Flow of
heat
through
solids
2

Heat flow

Convection
-Flow of
heat
through
iquid or gases

radiation
-Flow of
heat
through
vacuum

conduction

3. When two objects come into

contact, heat flows from

the hotter object to the

colder object. This causes

the temperature of the colder

object to rise and the hotter
object to fall. The temperature
of both the objects will finally be
the same.

Natural phenomena involving

heat
1.

Natural phenomena such as sea

breeze, land breeze and the
warming of the Earth by sun involve
heat flow.

Heat conductors and

insulators
HEAT CONDUCTORS: substance
which allow heat to pass through
easily.Example: metals
2. HEAT INSULATORS: substance that
prevent heat from passing
through. Examples: non-metals
1.

heat
conductors:

3. The use of

a) heater
b) pot
c) bottom of iron
d) mercury in thermometer
e) cooling coils at the back of
refrigerator

heat
insulators:
4. The use of

a) igloos
b) icebox
c) gloves
d) wood and plastics are used to make
handles (iron, cooking utensil)
e) vacuum flask

7.3 The Effects of Heat on

Matter

1.

Physical processes related to heat

are:
a) melting (solid liquid)
b) boiling (liquid gas )
c) condensation (gas liquid)
d) freezing (liquid solid)
e) evaporation (liquid- gas)
f) sublimation (solid gas)

7.4 Application of the principle

Expansion and
contraction of

of

matter
Mercury in thermometer
b) Bimetallic strip in a fire alarm
c) Gaps in railway tracks
d) Rollers of steel bridges
a)

The use of the principle of

expansion and contraction of
matter in solving simple
problem
To loosen a tight cap
b) To separate two stuck glasses
a)

EXPANSION
AND CONTRACTION TO SOLVE SIMPLE

APPLYING THE PRINCIPLE OF

PROBLEM

7.5 ABSORPTION AND RELEASE

OF HEAT
1.

Heat flows in 3 different ways: conduction,

convection and

radiation.

Radiation is the transfer of heat in the form

of electromagnetic waves through vacuum.
3. Every hot object gives out heat as radiation
and every object absorbs radiation.
2.

1.

However, different surface absorb and gives out

heat at different rates.

A dark and dull surface absorbs and gives out heat

better than a white and shiny surface.
** dark and dull surfaces good absorber and good
radiators of heat
2.

** white and shiny surfaces good reflector of heat

but
poor absorber and and
radiator of heats.

Heat absorber: an object that absorbs heat easily.

HEAT radiator: an object that gives out heat
easily.

Application of different types

of surfaces in daily life
a)
b)
c)

d)

Radiator of a car is painted black to help it

give out heat faster.
White clothes keep us cool as they absorb
less radiation from the Sun.
The white surface inside a styrofoam
container is a poor absorber of heat.
Styrofoam container keeps food warm by
reflecting the heat from the food back into
the box.
Many building have shiny glass walls to
reflect heat radiation from the Sun. So the
inside of the buildings is kept cool.

7.6 The benefits of heat flow

- Examples of how the principle of heat
flow can be applied in each of daily
life for a more comfortable living.
a) Open the windows in your classroom
or laboratory to improve air
ventilation.
b) Use an umbrella with a silvery surface
to reduce the absorption of heat from
the sun.