Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc ng trn tp ch

quc t (3)
(Biotechnology, Nuclear Science)
Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng
ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t

mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc

tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative

specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research

problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin

cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to

achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng

m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu As a disease commonly spread through
sexual transmission, syphilis also occurs through blood transfusions, exchange
of body fluid or through a mothers placenta to the fetus. Notably, treponema
pallidum is the most common causative agent of syphilis.
Vn nghin cu A typical diagnosis method involves performing initial
screening nontreponemal tests, e.g., venereal disease research laboratory
(VDRL) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests. As the basic syphilis screen
order, VDRL and RPR tests use a patients serum for testing. A situation in
which a patient has monocyte injection or malaria infection can often interfere
with the test results, not only yield a probability of false positive of round 20%,
but also cause a high degree of non-specificity. Another typical diagnosis
method involves performing a confirmation test, commonly referred to as
treponemal tests, which include treponema pallidum hacmagglutination (TPHA)
and fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-ABS). However, these
methods are expensive and inefficient.

V d 1 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
For instance, conventional determination methods easily miss
a patients latent phase, and have a poor diagnosis accuracy
of only around 80% during examination.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
resolve the limitations of conventional methods, i.e. the high
non-specificity, expensiveness and inefficiency of VDRL,
RPR, TPHA, and FTA-ABS, will require not only more
personnel to diagnose a disease during laboratory
examination, but also a higher cost per examination. A
disease in patients in the latent phase is difficult to detect and
will likely to spread.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a syphilis diagnostic kit,
capable of detecting in only one step the anti-treponema specific antibodies in a patients
serum or plasma binding to the antigen.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the serum samples of
syphilis patients can be analyzed. An experiment involving the syphilis diagnostic kit can
then be performed with the treponema pallidum antigent TpN 15.TpN17 and TpN 47.
Next, the gene recombinant method can be adopted to produce treponemal angiens (TpN
15.TpN17 and TpN 47 fusion protein). Additionally, the fusion protein can be used to
achieve protein expression in the E.coli expression system. Moreover, a syphilis
recombinant system can be established using recombinant technology.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that a fusion protein can be
formed using TpN 15.TpN17 and TpN 47. That protein can then be used by gene
recombinant technology to achieve procreation on a large scale. Hopefully, product
procreation on a large scale can elevate the sensitivity of detecting syphilis disease to
within an accuracy of 100%.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin With a high degree of accuracy and
specificity, the syphilis diagnostic kit developed herein can be applied for use in genetic
engineering protein construction and reagent key technology. Moreover, the proposed
diagnostic kit is highly promising for commercialization if the reagent can be developed
successfully, thus reducing the diagnostic time while increasing its accuracy significantly.

V d 2: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Curcumin can inhibit
the activation of cancer cells in humans.
Vn nghin cu However, merely consuming plenty of
natural foods such as vegetables and fruits does not
ensure a concrete expression to circumvent the activation
of cancer cells.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
For instance, the inability to consume 10uM of curcumin
consistently will not prevent the activation of cancer cells.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
consume adequate amounts of curcumin to inhibit cancer
cell growth makes it impossible to ensure sustained
growth.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a
determination method to identify various concentrations of curcumin
that would inhibit cancer cell growth, enabling us to determine the most
efficacious concentration.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so,
carcimoma macrophase culture can be made for high glucose and low
glucose. The survival rate of the MTT conversion cell can then be
analyzed by adding various concentrations of curcumin. Next,
subsequent MTT data can provide evidence of O.D 550nm of ELISA.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that
various concentrations of curcumin can inhibit cancer cell growth.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly, the
proposed determination method significantly contributes to efforts to
elucidate the potential role of curcumin in decreasing the incidence of
cancer.

V d 3: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Originally an agricultural based
economy that has shifted to an industrial based one, Taiwan now
overproduces agricultural produce that can be found in rice as well as in
traditional vegetable and fruit markets. However, even with these traditional
markets, effectively dealing with agricultural overproduce is problematic.
For agricultural overproduce in the international community, the cellulose
microbe can not curtail food processing effectively, largely owing to the
natural boundary of enzyme production for a thermostable enzyme.
Vn nghin cu The cellulase in cultural heritage is subjected to hot
stability, which is insufficiently high; the enzyme yield is low as well.
Additionally, the natural boundary only has a small amount of mold and
actinomyceses for the cellulase. Therefore, owing to that the natural
boundary is not fast enough, agricultural overproduce can not be processed
efficiently.

V d 3 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
For instance, according to the Environmental Protection
Administration of the Republic of China, Taiwan has
6,000,000 tons of agricultural overproduce that must be
processed annually. However, this overproduce can not be
processed entirely. Taiwan has 2,300,000 tons of
agricultural overproduce in rice, while traditional vegetable
and fruit markets generate 600,000 tons. Such
overproduce can not be processed efficiently.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
produce a thermostable enzyme would make it impossible
to handle the overwhelming amount of agricultural produce
in Taiwan, resulting in serious environmental pollution.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should grow thermostable
cellulases to understand whether streptomyces inside the mutation stub are
active for purposes of manufacturing glucose in the food processing sector.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, aleatoric
mutation can be achieved using the prone error PCR method. Streptomyces
can then be sieved by using a culture medium. Next, whether streptomyces
can be expressed in vitro can be determined to identify the enzyme activity of
thermostable ecllulases by using the DNS method.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that the active
mutation stub can be sieved, subsequently increasing the enzyme activity by
50%. This mutation stub is highly promising for industrial applications in
wastewater treatment and manufacturing glucose for enzyme production.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study can
demonstrate that, by using the prone error PCR method, mutation stub can be
used to eliminate agricultural waste byproducts.

V d 4: Nuclear Science
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Latent membrane protein (LMPI) expressed in EBV-infected
cells is a major transforming protein. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a herpesvirus that infects more
than 90% of the human population, despite the fact that most carriers remain asymptomatic.
EBV, the causative agent of infectious monucleosis, is associated with several human lymphoid
and epithelial malignancies, including Burkits lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), T
cell lymphoma and Hodgkins disease. LMPI, an integral membrane protein comprising 386
amino acids, consists of the N-terminus cytoplasmic domain of twenty four amino acids, six
membrane-spanning domains of 162 amino acids, and a long cytoplasmic C-terminus of 200
amino acids.
Vn nghin cu The phosphorylation of LMPI plays a significant role in regulating the
function of LMPI. The C-terminus of LMPI, i.e. the main domain engaging the intracellular signal
transductions, can be phosphorylated. The C-terminus contains several activating regions, i.e.
CTAR1, CTAR2, and CTAR3, that determine the biological functions of the molecule. Although
the function of CTAR2 has been extensively studied, certain aspects require further
consideration. For instance, LMPI is known to activate at least seven signaling pathways.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu According to previous studies, CTAR2
domains of LMPI activate around 75% of NT-KB activity compared with full-length LMPI. Whether
CTAR1 accounts for the remaining 25% of NF-KB activity is unknown.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to identify and characterize the remaining
25% function of CTAR1 prevents us from thoroughly understanding how this versatile molecule
implements its function in EBV-induced transformation, possibly preventing the development of
potential therapeutic targets for EBV-associated cancers.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a model based
on analysis of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein in which C terminus
204 and 206 are mutated. Based on those results, the phosphorylation and
ubiquitination of the mutated C terminus 204 and 206 can also be found on the
NF-KB signal pathway.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the LMPI DNA
can be selected based on a colony technique. The DNA can then be analyzed
in terms of protein expression by cell culture and Western blotting.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed model can reduce
phosphorylation on the NF-KB signal pathway by 25%.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin By identifying and
characterizing LMPI-associated proteins, LMPI mediated signal pathway and
LMPI target enes can provide further insight into how this versatile molecule
executes its function in EBV-induced transformation, making it possible to
develop potential therapeutic targets for EBV-associated cancers.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw