Topic 5: Individual Differences and

Learning

Intelligence
Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from,
understand, and interact with ones environment.
Intelligence is defined as general cognitive problemsolving skills. A mental ability involved in
reasoning, perceiving relationships and analogies,
calculating, learning quickly
Is measured by: the Binet test & the Wechler Test

Intelligence
Adaptability to a new environment or to changes
in the current environment
Capacity for knowledge and the ability to
acquire it
Capacity for reason and abstract thought
Ability to comprehend relationships
Ability to evaluate and judge
Capacity for original and productive thought

Intelligence
Learn. This includes all kinds of informal and formal
learning via any combination of experience,
education, and training.
Pose problems. This includes recognizing problem
situations and transforming them into more clearly
defined problems.
Solve problems. This includes solving problems,
accomplishing tasks, fashioning products, and doing
complex projects.

Multiple Intelligence
Howard Gardner viewed intelligence as 'the capacity to
solve problems or to fashion products that are valued
in one or more cultural setting' (Gardner & Hatch,
1989).

Linguistic intelligence
Involves sensitivity to spoken and written language, the
ability to learn languages, and the capacity to use
language to accomplish certain goals.
This intelligence includes the ability to effectively use
language to express oneself rhetorically or poetically;
and language as a means to remember information.
Writers, poets, lawyers and speakers are among those

Logical-mathematical intelligence
consists of the capacity to analyze problems logically,
carry out mathematical operations, and investigate
issues scientifically.
the ability to detect patterns, reason deductively and
think logically
most often associated with scientific and mathematical
thinking.

Musical intelligence
lnvolves skill in the performance, composition, and
appreciation of musical patterns. It encompasses the
capacity to recognize and compose musical pitches,
tones, and rhythms.
musical intelligence runs in an almost structural parallel
to linguistic intelligence.

Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
the potential of using one's whole body or parts of the
body to solve problems.
It is the ability to use mental abilities to coordinate
bodily movements.

Spatial intelligence
the potential to recognize and use the patterns of wide
space and more confined areas.

Interpersonal intelligence
concerned with the capacity to understand the
intentions, motivations and desires of other people.
It allows people to work effectively with others.
Educators, salespeople, religious and political leaders
and counsellors

Intrapersonal intelligence
capacity to understand oneself, to appreciate one's
feelings, fears and motivations.
In Howard Gardner's view it involves having an
effective working model of ourselves, and to be able to
use such information to regulate our lives.

Naturalist intelligence
The ability to observe patterns in nature & understand
natural & human-human systems
Farmers, botanists, ecologist & landscapers

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

EI is sometimes referred to as emotional quotient

(EQ) or emotional literacy

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

A type of social intelligence that involves the ability to

monitor ones own & others emotions, to discriminate
them & to use the information to guide ones thinking
& actions (John Mayer & Peter Salovey)

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

Goleman defined emotional intelligence as a capacity

for recognizing our own and others' feelings, for
motivating ourselves, and for managing our
emotions, both within ourselves and in our
relationships.

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

EQ is the ability to understand & manage our own
emotions as well as others
- intra personal
- inter personal
Raising EQ is possible because EI is learnable

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

Your attitude is the primary measures of emotional

intelligence
gratitude,
optimism,
self-awareness,
adaptability

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

Goleman identified the five 'domains' of EQ as:
Knowing your emotions.
Managing your own emotions.
Motivating yourself.
Recognising and understanding other people's
emotions.
Managing relationships, ie., managing the emotions of
others.

Concept of Emotional Intelligence

Individuals with EI are able to relate to others with
compassion & empathy, have well-developed social
skills, and have this emotional awareness to direct
their action & behavior

Golemans EI Competency Model (1998)

Emotional Intelligence

Personal Competence

Self Awareness
Self-Regulation

Motivation

Social Competence

Social Skills

Empathy