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Well Planning

Sperry Drilling Services


2006

Directional Well Types

New wells

Existing wells
Deepening
Sidetracking

Basic Data
Application Type
Well Profile
Reservoir Conditions
Completion Needs
Target Constraints
Hole and Casing Sizes
Casing Points
Mud Data
Surveying Requirements

Steps in Designing a Well Profile

Selection of KOP depth


Selection of well profile
Selection of BUR
Selection of tangents section (length and angle)

for horizontal displacement


TVD uncertainty adjustment
directional performance uncertainty
completion requirements

Selection of 2nd BUR (if any)


Considering the length of lateral hole
reservoir constraints
torque and drag limitations
hydraulic requirements and limitations (ECD, SPP)

Selection of Kick-off Depth

Consider at planned kick-off depth :


Formation properties (possible washouts)
Inclination and direction (use of gyro or single shot, MWD)
Directional assembly performance (bit selection, BUR)

If cased hole sidetrack, the options are (casing survey, CBL, CCL are
needed) :
Section milling
Whipstock + window milling

Open hole sidetrack / kick-off :


Distance from casing shoe is important (rathole, magn. interference)
Cement plug might be necessary
Open hole whipstock is optional

Well Profile Selection (1)

Considerations :
Avoiding nearby wells

Depth of kick-off
Shape of trajectory
Curvature, build-, drop-, turn rates
Length and inclination of tangent section(s)
Length and inclination of horizontal section
Target intersection details

Well Profile Selection (2)

Selection is based on

Vertical depth between intended KOP and target


Horizontal displacement to target entry point
Completion design
Formation evaluation program
Hole size in reservoir

Profile must provide tangent section(s) for

Casing shoe tracks


External casing packer(s)
Completion equipment (packer, beam pump, ESP)
Adjustments if directional drilling difficulties arise

Minimum Build Up Rate

Minimum BUR is defined by a circular arc from the KOP to the target
entry point

Minimum 15 inclination in the tangent section for stable direction

Maximum Build Rate


Limited by

Casing / liner running should be possible


Casing /liner bending stress must remain within pipe strength limits
Mechanical loads imposed on drillstring elements (torque, drag,
fatigue) or casing (wear, tensile strength eduction due to bending
stress in doglegs)
Rig power limits
Max curvature for surveying and logging tools
Formation evaluation requirements
Completion requirements
Risk of casing wear or keyseat in open hole

tension

Keyseat Development

contact force
keyseat
shape of a chain curve
DP tool joint
or DC
high contact forces
shape of an arc

borehole

friction force

Hole Inclination Ranges

near vertical

low

intermediate

high

0 - 10

10 - 30

30 - 60

60 <

Critical Hole Angle for Hole Cleaning

Critical range for hole cleaning can not be avoided,


but it must be as short as possible
Avoid planning a tangent section within the critical
angle range
0

45
65

90

Critical Issues Horizontal Wells

Length of horizontal reservoir engineering requirements


well placement problems
ECD limits the length
- limitations due to drillstring strength
- hole cleaning difficulties

Profile of the lateral hole straight, curved or wavy


Casing or liner to be run buckling and lockup might be a problem
Cementing requirements use of ECPs
Hole size selection different bit sizes for the build and the lateral
Drilling torque and overpull margin available

ECD Limited Length of a Horizontal Hole


p

pfrac
pECD= f ( ph + pa )
pECD
ph (MW)
pf

HORIZONTAL

0
MEASURED DEPTH

Target Definition

What is a Target ?

A defined area - or volume - to be penetrated by the wellbore at a fixed


location within the Earths crust

What matters :

Size (tolerance)
Shape (circle, rectangle, polygon)
Inclination at penetration
Direction at penetration

Target Shape (1)


Point
coordinates must be given
inclination and direction into target

Circle

coordinates of center
radius or diameter
inclination and direction into target

The Bulls Eye

Target Shape (2)


Rectangle
coordinates of preferred aim point
extent
coordinates of one point
orientation

N
T

b
Polygon
coordinates of preferred aim point
coordinates of corners

T
h

Geological vs. Drillers Target

the bulls

drillers target

uncertainty
area

geological target
landing point

trajectory

eye

Horizontal Well Target (1)

target corridor

direction of
horizontal

target window

rectangle
top view

trapezoid

Horizontal Well Target (2)


side view

target corridor
1/2
default
1/2

target window

TD
side view

options

rectangle

trapezoid

Target Approach (1)

build

target
landing point
TVD

inclination
displacement
... and correct direction, too

Target Approach (2)

Soft
Landing
build with BUR1
build with BUR2

landing point
tangent

TVD

inclination
displacement
... and correct direction, too

Payzone Intersection Options

Borehole across payzone


deviated : reservoir is thick
highly laminated
permeability ratio is high (kv / kh)
horizontal : reservoir is thin
there is a gas cap, or
underlying aquifier
thick reservoir with low permeability ratio (kv / kh)

Length of lateral depends on

Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

Well A

Fracture orientations
must be known
Drill the lateral normal
to known fracture direction
and intersect multiple fractures

Well B

direction of
the lateral

Payzone Penetration Length

Example

Well 8X4 - Pad 2x0


K-field
Version 4.0

Formation : (1-2)

642.8m

SHALE

TVD-ORT
m

Inclination =: 84.7
2330.3m TVD-SS

SST

25m
2355.3m TVD-SS

2422.00
270.6m

SHALE

Elevation to RT = 66.7m

K8x4PPL.doc
SSDS-AC00

2397.00

Payzone Penetration Length

Example

Well 3-0 / Pad 4-1


S Field
Version 2.0

1-2

Formation : AV1

586.4m
SHALE

Inclination = 50
1620.70m TVD-SS

SST

TVD-ORT

1681.80m

n/a

SHALE
1741.10m

TVD-ORT = (Absolute Depth) + (Original Altitude)


Altitude = Rotary Table Elevation from Baltic MSL
Original Altitude for 3-0 = 61.10m
Original Rotary Table Height = n/a
m
S3-0PPL.doc
SSDS-AC00

Example

70 mD.m

18.2 mD.m

12.6 mD.m

Payzone Penetration Lengths

Example

Well 2-8 / Pad 1-1


S Field
Version 2.0

TVD-ORT
m
TVD-NR

Inclination = 40
1640.90m TVD-SS

1702.00

SST
Formation : AV1(1-2)

xxxx.xx m TVD-SS

???
xx m
1666.90m TVD-SS

1728.00
Inclination = 53.4

S2-8PPL.doc
SSDS-AC00

TVD-ORT = (Absolute Depth) + (Original Altitude)


Altitude = Rotary Table Elevation from Baltic MSL
Original Altitude for 2-8 = 61.1m (rig XXX)
Original Rotary Table Height = ??? m
m

Payzone Penetration Lengths

Example

Well 3-9 / Pad 4-1


S Field
Version 1.0

1-2

Formation : AV1

SHALE

441.33m

Inclination = 90
1636.1m TVD-SS

SST

TVD-ORT

1697.10m
1700.35m

6.5m

1703.60m
SHALE

416.51m

24.82m

TVD-ORT = (Absolute Depth) + (Original Altitude)


Altitude = Rotary Table Elevation from Baltic MSL
Original Altitude for 3-9 = 61.00m
Original Rotary Table Height = n/a

S3-9PPL.doc
SSDS-AC00

100m

Pilot Hole for Optimizing Wellbore Placement


Geological Correlation

Gas

Optimized Placement
of Completion

Identification
of Formation and
Fluid Interfaces

Oil

Water

Well Profiles

Well Profile

The trajectory - or well path - from the surface location through the
target(s)

Conventional (2D) or compounded (3D) trajectories

Basic design data :


kick-off depth
vertical depth of target
horizontal displacement to target from surface location

Well Profile Terminology


RKB

KOP
Build Section
EOB
TVD

Tangent
EOH

RKB = Rotary Kelly Bushing


KOP = Kick-off Point
EOB = End of Build
EOH = End of Hold
TVD = True Vertical Depth
TD = Well Depth

Drop Section

TD

Vertical Section

Halliburton

Deviated Well Profiles Classes

Long radius
Medium radius
Intermediate radius
Short radius

Whenever is possible, 2D profiles are preferred

Curvatures and Radii

Long radius
Medium radius

2-6/100ft

90-200m 3000-1000 ft

6-35/100ft

290-50m

1000-160 ft

Intermediate

35-65/100ft

50-25m

160 90 ft

Short radius

65-115/100ft

25-15m

90 50 ft

Basic Well Profiles

J - shape

B & H : build and hold

S - type

Undercut

S
B&H
UC
J

Circular Arc Used for Design

R2=(x-x0)2 +(y-y0)2

KOP

x0;y0

Build
Section

TD

vertical section direction


vertical section
TVD

ft

TVD

Continuous Build Profile


ft

BUR 5730 deg/100 ft


R
ft

KOP

Y
Target

2-D profile

vertical section direction

TVD

vertical section

J-Shape Profile

Y
2-D profile
Target

KOP

target depth
TVD

vertical section direction

J-Shape Profile Design


R

KOP

R TVD
sin

TVD

a TVD tg

dRa
d

J-Shape Profile
Constant & Continuous Build

Features :

Most simple
Kick-off point depends on target displacement
Build rate : minimum possible

Catenary Profile Details


y

Th
a
0

a = Th / w a
wa
Th

buoyed weight of pipe, lb/ft


horizontal tension, lb


KOP

The Catenary Profile

inclination is not 0 !

Continuously increasing build rate

TVD

force defines profile


vertical section

vertical section direction

Catenary Profile Equation

a
y
2

x
ea

x
e a

US Patent 4,440,241
UK Patent GB 2 044824

24.Aug.,1981
5.March,1980

by Dailey Petroleum Services


SPE 13478

KOP

Comparison of Catenary and


Circular Arc Profiles

Catenary

Build

Circular arc

TVD
TD

KOP

EOB

TD

TVD

Build & Hold Profile

Build section

Hold (tangent or sail) section

Build & Hold Profile

Features :

Simple
KOP determines inclination
Large horizontal displacements from shallow kick-off depths

Build-Hold-Build-Hold Profile
( typical horizontal well profile)

1st Build section


KOP
R1

1st Hold (tangent) section

EOB1
2nd Build section
R2
2nd Hold section

EOH
TD

TVD

EOB2

BUR1 < BUR2


(recommended)

S-Well
Build-Hold-Drop-Hold Profile

KOP

Build section
R1

EOB

1st Hold (tangent) section

Drop-off section

EOH
R2
TD

TVD

2nd Hold section

S-Well
Features :

Near vertical target penetration possible


Multiple target intersection possible
Directional control is difficult
Torque and drag could be high
Horizontal displacement is limited

Walk Compensation

Rotary drilling assemblies with tricone bits have a tendency to walk to


the right
PDC bits tend to walk to left
Right Hand Walk
Without Left Lead

Left Lead

3-D Well Proposal

Nudging of Wells for Better Shallow Depth Separation

The Nudge

Build & Hold Profile


with Nudge
Nudge

Build section

KOP
R
EOB

Hold (tangent, sail) section

TVD

TD

3-D Visualization

3D Profiles

3-D Visualization

3-D Visualization

3D Profile

ERD Well

3D Profile

3D Profile

Designer
Well

ERD Wells with


significant
azimuth
change(s)

T ru e V e rtic a l D e p th (m )

Highly
engineered well
plan required

Final
Wellbore

250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250

Pilot Hole
Slide 62 of 70

Halliburton

Computer Programs for Well Planning


Ideas (Unix based) Sysdril Ltd.
Compass (Windows) Landmark Graphics Corp.
DrillQuest (Windows) Sperry-Sun Drilling Services

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