Modeling Inter-Vehicle Communication in Multi-Lane Highways: A Stochastic Geometry Approach

Modeling Inter-vehicle Communication in
Multi-lane Highways: A Stochastic

Geometry Approach
Muhammad Junaid Farooq, Hesham ElSawy, Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Electrical Engineering Program
Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering
(CEMSE)
King Abdullah University of Science & Technology (KAUST)
Sept 06, 2015
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Outline
1. Introduction
Motivation
2. Related Work
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
3. Motivation
Local IVC with unsaturated

transmission
buffers
5. Local IVC with un-saturated transmission buffers

6. Conclusion
Conclusion
Sept 06, 2015
MODELING INTER-VEHICLE COMMUNICATION IN MULTI-LANE HIGHWAYS
Introduction
Outline
Introduction
Introduction
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with
saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Why Vehicular Communication?

Safety
Coordinated braking
Emergency reporting
Risk alerts
Efficiency
Adaptive traffic control
Congestion avoidance
Automatic toll collection
Convenience
Driverless cars
Internet access
Peer-to-peer networking
Image taken from US Department of Transportation website
Sept 06, 2015
Related Work
Outline
Related Work
Introduction
Motivation
Local IVC with
saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Vehicul
ar
Network
s
(VANETs
)
Queueing
theory,
Markov
models, graph
theory
Single
lane
abstracti
on (SLA)
CSMA
Stochasti
c
geometr
y
Approx.
Related Work
Our
Model
ALOHA
Sept 06, 2015
Introduction
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with
saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Modeling of Vehicular
Communication
Channel impairments (e.g. fading , shadowing etc..)
Multiple access of shared wireless spectrum
ALOHA
Carrier sense multiple access (CSMA)
Interference and network geometry
Conclusion
Tx
Rx
Rt
Sept 06, 2015
ro
Rs
Motivation
Introduction
Outline
Introduction
Motivation
Related Work
Local IVC with
saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Motivation
Highways can be extremely wide (e.g.
Interstate 5 in US, Ontario Highway in
Canada etc) and existing models are
unable to capture them.
To develop an analytical framework for
Inter-vehicle communication in a multilane highway setup.
To gain insights from the developed
model for the design of system
parameters in vehicular networks.
Figure: Aerial view of a multi-lane
highway
Sept 06, 2015
Local IVC with saturated transmission

buffers
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
Modeling Approaches
Single lane model
Multi-lane model
2D-PPP model

transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Sept 06, 2015
Introduction
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Signal-to-interference-plus-noise
ratio (SINR)
SINR is one of the main performance metrics, defined as:
SINR =
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Phro

i 1
Phij vij
vij i \ vo
It is affected by the radio environment and the network geometry.

It can be used to evaluate network performance metrics such as:
Probability of transmission success,
Average transmission rate,
P P [ SINR T ]
Transmission capacity,
E [ln(1 SINR)]
Sept 06, 2015
Introduction
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Signal-to-interference-plus-noise
ratio (SINR)
SINR is a function of several random variables:
Phro
SINR =
N
Phij vij
i 1
vij i \ vo
Stochastic geometry can be used as an effective tool to

deal with random network topologies.
The network topology can be abstracted as a point process.
Using stochastic geometry tools, SINR statistics can be obtained
as a function of the point process.
Stochastic geometry provides spatial average of the
performance metrics.
Sept 06, 2015
Local IVC with unsaturated transmission

buffers
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Local IVC
Each traffic lane is modeled by
an independent Poisson point i
l
process (PPP),
of intensity
(cars/km).
The speed of transmission is
much faster than the speed of
vehicles. Thus mobility effects are
ignored.
1
The sensing
Pthreshold
1 controls
Rs
1
of
the sensing
range
the CSMA
th
Sept 06, 2015
10

buffers
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Tradeoffs imposed by sensing

threshold
Higher sensing threshold leads to smaller sensing range and hence

higher intensity of interferers.
High interference intensity results in lower SINR and hence lower
success probability.
Higher number of concurrent transmitters implies higher spatial
frequency reuse efficiency.
Conclusion
Figure: Multi-lane highway (N=7) with large sensing threshold
Sept 06, 2015
11

buffers
Outline
Introduction
Motivation
Related Work
Local IVC with

unsaturated
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Tradeoffs imposed by sensing

threshold
Lower sensing threshold leads to larger sensing range and hence

lower intensity of interferers.
Lower interference results in higher SINR and thus higher success
probability.
Lower number of simultaneous transmitters implies lower spatial
frequency reuse efficiency.
Sept 06, 2015
12

buffers
Problem Statement
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Characterize the operation of carrier sense multiple

access (CSMA) coordinated multi-lane highway vehicular
networks.
Quantify the tradeoff imposed by the spectrum sensing

threshold.
Reveal the interference underestimation problem in
existing models.
Not all vehicles will have packets to send at the same
time.
To capture the effect of unsaturated buffers in the
modeling and analysis of vehicular networks.
Sept 06, 2015
13

buffers
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Contribution
Develop a tractable framework based on stochastic geometry to model CSMA
coordinated inter-vehicle communication in a multi-lane highway network.
Highlight the underestimation problem of the MHCPP-II when used for the
developed model and propose a simple approximation for the dependent
thinning probability to mitigate the underestimation problem in the 1-D case.
Optimize the sensing threshold to balance the tradeoff between the probability
of transmission success and the spatial frequency reuse efficiency.
Develop a queueing model to characterize the transmission probability of a
vehicle.
Obtain the transmission probability using an iterative procedure.
Incorporate the transmission probability in the developed analytical
framework.
Sept 06, 2015
14

buffers
Outline
Introduction
Methodology (Spatial
Domain)
Single-lane model
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
To characterize the probability of success, we require

Probability density function (pdf) of the distance between transmitter and receiver.
Probability density function of the aggregated interference.
Evaluating the pdf of aggregated interference is not possible. However

stochastic geometry allows us to calculate the Laplace transform of aggregate
interference.
Sept 06, 2015
15

buffers
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Domain)
Multi-lane model
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Procedure
Identify concurrent transmitters via dependent thinning of the PPPs to form
MHCPPs.
Approximate each MHCPP with an equidense PPP.
Project the resulting homogeneous PPPs to non-homogeneous PPPs on the
central lane via transformation of intensity.
Sept 06, 2015
16

buffers
Outline
Introduction
Related Work
Motivation
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
Domain)
Approximations
Aggressive Interference Approximation
Using the intensity after maximum compression
Conservative Interference Approximation

By ignoring the effects of compression

transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Sept 06, 2015
17
Local IVC with un-saturated

transmission buffers
Outline
Introduction
Motivation
Related Work
Local IVC with
saturated
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Methodology (Time Domain)

n of size
Each vehicle has a transmission buffer
pA
Packets arrive at the buffer with a constant arrival
rate
pB at a rate of
Packets are successfully processed and leave the buffer
.
A vehicle transmits only when the channel is idle and attempts to
retransmit until successful.
The causality problem
Sept 06, 2015
18

buffers
Outline
Introduction
The MHCPP-II
Related Work
Due to the CSMA contention, only a subset of vehicles can

transmit at the same time,
.
Local IVC with

unsaturated
transmission
buffers
The concurrent transmitters can be modeled by the Matrn

hard core point process of type II (MHCPP-II).
Motivation
Conclusion
0.5
Sept 06, 2015
0.7 0.1
0.4
0.6 0.4 0.8
0.2
0.9
19

buffers
Outline
Introduction
Motivation
Related Work
The MHCPP-II
The MHCPP-II thinning procedure underestimates the intensity of
interferes.
Local IVC with

saturated
transmission
buffers
0.8

transmission
buffers
0.7
0.6
0.5
Conclusion
Sept 06, 2015
20

Outline
Introduction
Motivation
Results
Model validation for single-lane highway.
Related Work
Local IVC with

un-saturated
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Sept 06, 2015
21

Outline
Introduction
Motivation
Results
Multi-lane highway under sparse and dense traffic.
Related Work
Local IVC with

un-saturated
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
Sept 06, 2015
22

Results
Outline
Introduction
Optimizing sensing threshold to maximize the transmission capacity

(i.e. Number of successful transmissions per unit length).
Motivation
Related Work
Local IVC with
saturated
transmission
buffers
Local IVC with

un-saturated
transmission
buffers
Conclusion
April 15, 2015
23
Outline
Introduction
Motivation
Related Work
Local IVC with
saturated
transmission
buffers
transmission
buffers
Conclusions
Analytical framework for modeling CSMA coordinated Inter-vehicle
communication in Multi-Lane Highways (saturated and unsaturated
transmission buffers).
Approximations for the probability of transmission success.
The SLA model is not an accurate model for wide highways.
With proper manipulation of the sensing threshold, the transmission
capacity and the spatial frequency reuse can be maximized.
Conclusion
Sept 06, 2015
24
Thank You!
Questions?
Sept 06, 2015
25

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Modeling Inter-Vehicle Communication in Multi-Lane Highways: A Stochastic Geometry Approach

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Modeling Inter-vehicle Communication in

Multi-lane Highways: A Stochastic

Sept 06, 2015

Local IVC with

Local IVC with unsaturated

5. Local IVC with un-saturated transmission buffers

Sept 06, 2015