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COMMERCIAL

CULTIVATION OF ORCHID
Group 01

• Submitted to:-
Dr.K.S Kirad
Assistant Professor
Horticulture Department
AAIDU
INTRODUCTION
 Orchids exhibit an incredible range of
diversity in size, shape and colour of their
flowers.
 They occupy top position among all the
flowering plants valued for cut flower
production and as potted plants.
The family, Orchidaceae, consists of 600-
800 genera and 25,000-35,000 species.
They are known for their long lasting and
bewitchingly beautiful flowers.
Uses
 Some orchids have medicinal uses like
anti-diarrhoea, anti-pyretic, increase
fertility in men, gastro intestinal problems.
 Some are use in perfumery.

Orchids are widely used as potted


plants, and cut flowers.

 Flower structure of orchids are


commonly used as designs for jewellery.
ORCHID IN INDIA
 9% of our flora are orchids and are the
largest botanical family.
 India has a very large variety of orchids and

hilly regions have some orchid flowering


almost throughout the year.
 About 1,300 species (140 genera) of orchids

are found in our country

cont..
 The largest terrestrial genus is habenaria
(100 spp.).
 Largest epiphytic genus is dendrobium

(70 spp.).
 To conserve Indian native species by

establishing orchidaria, sanctuaries are


developed.
 India has established two orchidaria one at

Shillong and other at Yercaud.


PROBLEMS IN RAISING ORCHIDS
 Very slow growth.
 Doesn't adapt to local conditions and died.

 Difficult to germinate the seeds, which lacks

any functional endosperm.


 Seeds sown in the nursery beds required long

period of germination.
 Any disturbance to the soil or physical

environment destroyed the whole population.


CULTIVATION OF ORCHIDS
Orchids can be divide into two groups –
monopodial & sympodial
Monopodial – having single stemmed

growth.
e.g. :- vanda, cattleya
Sympodial – having the appearance of

multi stemmed growth


e.g. :- dendrobium, cymbidium
Orchid House
 Naturally grow protected from tropical sun
under the shades of trees.
 Commercially grown in specially designed
orchidaria or orchid houses (Running North
and South )
 Houses are made from materials like split
bamboo, glass, shadenets, etc.
 water tank or pool in the center of the
orchidaria to maintain humidity is
recommended.
cont..
 The best suitable range of temperature is
18oC to 30oC.

 Proper ventilation is must to provide


fresh air and also helps in reducing the
temperature.

 There are also orchids which can be


grown in open sun.
 e.g. :- Vanda, Aranda, Mokara
etc.
Climatic Requirements
Light
 Indirect sunlight is ideal for orchids.
Seedlings requires less than adult plants.
 Majority of orchids are day neutral and are

not influenced by day length.


Temperature
10oC – 20oC between day and night
temperature.
The best suitable range is 18oC to
o
30 C.
Humidity/Watering
 Humid warm atmosphere is most
essential for the growth of orchids.

 The plants should be watered 2-3 times a


day and should not be allowed to dry up
during hot climate.
Pots / Container
 Orchids should be potted in small
container/spots according to the size of the
plants.
 plastic pots which retains moisture longer
than mud pots are preferred.
 Terrestrial orchids should be grown in 20-25
cm pots with 1:1:1 mixture of leaf mould,
FYM and sand.
 Some latest media tried for growing orchids
are gravel jelly, fir bark, tree fern fibre.
Manuring
 NPK ratio is 20:20:20 with trace elements
and coconut water (20-25 %).
 pH of the nutrient solution should be
slightly acidic or neutral but not alkaline.
 Slow release fertilizers like osmocote can
be use.
 Liquid fertilizers are much more quickly
absorbed by orchids.
Diseases and pest
DISEASE CAUSAL CONTROL
ORGANISAM
Fungal
Collar blocth Penicilium thomii Captan,
Leaf blight Pythium Dithane,
Agrosan and
Bacteria
Ceresan are
Leaf spot Colletotrichum and very effective
Gleosporium against these
Sclerotium
Collar rot diseases.
Orchid wilt Sclerotium rolfsli

cont..
Diseases and pest
CAUSAL ORGANISAM CONTROL
Virus All infected plants should
Cymbidium mosaic virus be isolated to prevent
spreading of the disease.
Insect and pest Parathion, Malathion, BHC,
 Thrips, aphids, Aldrin, Dieldrin, etc.
spidermite, soft scale, Metaldehyde has proved to
mealy bugs, orchid be very effective in killing
weevil, snail and slugs. slugs and snails.
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
Cuttings
 The method involved consists of dividing large
clumps into smaller units.
 Most of the sympodial orchids, like Coelogyne,

Cattleya, Dendrobium and Cymbidium, are


propogated through this method.
 However care should be taken not to divide the

plants unless there are 8-10 pseudo-bulbs.


Off-shoots / Keikis
 In most of the commercial orchid nurseries topping of the stem is commonly
practised to induce Keikis formation.

 Induction of Keikis can also be induced through the use of cytokinins which
force the dormant bud to develop into keikis.
Aerial shoots
They usually arise on the upper part of the
back bulbs and grow out slowly.

These aerial shoots take 90-120 days to


develop roots. At this stage, they are
detached along with the portion of back bulb
and potted as independent plant.
Sowing of seeds and transplanting
 Seeds are sown on flask ( media ) under
aseptic conditions.
 At 4-leaf stage the seedling are taken out

of flask and planted in community pots


 1:1 mixture of shredded tree fern fibre and

charcoal.
TISSUE CULTURE
 Tissue culture can be highly successful in
cloning of orchids.
 This technique is used by commercial

growers for the rare plants and hybrids


production.
 Most widely used medium is Knudson C.

meristem culture.
 Commonly used media are Vacin and

Went and Knudson C.


ECONOMIC STATUS
 Their share in the global floricultural trade
is about 8%.

 Singapore is the major exporter of orchids


of 15% share of the world market.

 Total share of orchids among flowers is


1% in international market.
cont..
 In India, companies like Drishti Floral
Pvt. Ltd has started growing orchids for 20
acres of land in Mumbai.

 Northeastern region produces about 345.9


tones of flowers from an area of 9002 ha,
of which is 0.07% in production and 1.02%
area under orchids.

 Orchids market price is 10-45 US dollars


per stem depending on the flower.
GALLERY

Cymbibium giganteum vanda


Dendrobium Vanda spp
Masdevallia coccinea
Calanthe grouville
Gomesa crispa
Aerides vandarum
Paphiopedilum hisutissimum Vanda coeruleseenee
Dendrobium thysiflorum
THANKS.

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