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Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc Y khoa ng trn tp ch quc


t (11)

Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t


mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc


tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative


specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research


problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin


cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to


achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng


m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and


practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu: Despite its widespread use, rosacea
has varied clinical presentations and its pathophysiology is uncertain. Of
which, demodex is increasingly cited as a pathogenetic factor of rosacea.
Vn nghin cu: However, in addition to scarce attention paid to the
clinical features of rosacea in Asia, the ratio of Demodex infectation of
rosacea patients has received lesser attention. Moreover, some studies
have performed non-standard tests of Demodex infectation.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, in
China, approximately half of all rosacea patients are infected with
Demodex.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The failure to examine the ratio
of Demodex infectation of rosacea patients makes it impossible to identify
the clinical features of rosacea and ratio of Demodex infectation of rosacea
patients, making it extremely difficult for physicians (except for
dermatologists) to diagnose rosacea and thus render treatment ineffective.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should describe the clinical
features of rosacea and determining ratio of Demodex infectation of Asian
rosacea patients in Vietnam, based on a standardized test.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, patient data
such as {WHAT? age? gender? What else?} can be gathered using a
questionnaire survey. Tests for Demodex infectation can then be performed
on those patients. Next, test results can be accumulated using {WHAT
STATISTICAL APPROACH OR SOFTWARE?}.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that the rate of
Demodex infectation among rosacea patients is around 50%, similar to that
in China. (NOTE: Add any other secondary results)
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin While identifying the
clinical features of rosacea and ratio of Demodex infectation among rosacea
patients in Vietnam, results of this study can greatly facilitate the efforts of
physicians in diagnosing rosacea easily and increasing treatment efficacy.

V d 2:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu As Vietnam will have completed the
Leprosy Elimination Strategy by the end of 2015, despite the decreasing
incidence of leprosy, the rate of disability among new leprosy patients is
high, especially in pure neuritic leprosy.
Vn nghin cu While diagnosing pure neuritic leprosy early on and
precisely is essential to reducing the disease impact, diagnosing leprosy
without skin lesions is challenging and requires a nerve biopsy.
Nevertheless, a positive test of acid-fast bacilii (AFB) has seldom been
observed in pure neuritic leprosy.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance,
while studying 244 new leprosy patients in India, Sarkar (2012) found that
the rate of disability is 20.1 %, which is in contrast with 60.9 % in a group
of pure neuritic leprosy patients.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to thoroughly
understand the positive testing of AFB in pure neuritic leprosy patients
leads to a situation in which a late diagnosis of these patients increases
the rate of disability and disease impact.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should examine the

clinical characteristics of pure neuritic leprosy and the rate of positive


AFB testing on sensory nerve biopsy, nasal mucosa, and skin with
sensory changes.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, data can be

obtained from new pure neuritic leprosy patients. A sensory nerve


biopsy can then be performed, along with a biopsy involving sensory
changes of skin and a nasal mucosa test. Next, the clinical data and
paraclinical results can be analyzed.

Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that the

rate of disability in new pure neuritic leprosy patients is 60% and the
rate of positive paraclinical results is 80%.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Given the importance of

diagnosing pure neuritic leprosy early on and precisely, we


recommend that clinicians remain aware of the possibility of leprosy in
patients with unclear peripheral neuropathy.

V d 3:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu With the increasing incidence of
medial collateral ligament (MCL) related injuries traffic accidents and
athletic injuries, surgery is increasingly common over the conventional
approach of conservative treatment when managing these injuries.
Vn nghin cu Despite the widespread attention on the anatomy
of MCL worldwide, data is lacking in developing countries such as the
Vietnamese population.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu According to
LaPrade, the average length of MCL is 95mm; the femoral attachment
is 3.2mm proximal and 4.8mm posterior to the medial epicondyle; and
the tibial attachment is 61mm distal to the edge of the articular cartilage
of the medial tibial plateau.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to anatomically
measure MCL precisely in the Vietnamese population makes it
extremely difficult to perform reconstructive surgery correctly.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should determine quantitatively
the morphology of MCL of the knees of Vietnamese with respect to length,
width, thickness, and position of the femoral and tibial attachments.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, 30 fresh frozen,
cadaveric knees without evidence of pathology or damage can be collected in
the Anatomy Department of Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and
Pharmacy. Each knee can then be dissected carefully to expose the MCL.
Next, anatomical measurements can be determined {using WHAT
INSTRUMENT OR SOFTWARE?}. Additionally, all data can be analyzed using
SPSS software.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that
measurements of MCL in the Vietnamese population are equivalent or slightly
lower than those of MCL in a Western population.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study can
contribute to the knowledge of the anatomical features of MCL, greatly
facilitating the efforts of physicians to perform reconstructive surgeries on this
ligament.

V d 4:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu: Kh th l triu chng khin cc
bnh nhn n cc c s c cha tr kp thi, do kh th l
triu chng cc Bc s thng gp cp cu. Tnh trng kh th do
tim nh suy tim cp v kh th do bnh l h hp nh bnh phi tc
nghn, hen ph qun thng kh phn bit do s chng cho v tin
s cng nh triu chng lm sng nht l i tng ngi cao tui.
Vn nghin cu: Gn y hai k thut cng nhn lm tng kh
nng chn on suy tim, gip phn bit kh th do tim hoc do bnh
phi l siu m tim v cht ch im sinh hc peptide li niu Natri
(BNP, NT-pro BNP) do c tim tit ra. (NOTE: This is not the research
problem. You are only describing a situation instead of directly
criticizing the limitations/constraints/disadvantages/ restraints of/lack
of considerations in previous research)

V d 4 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu: Siu
m tim chi ph u t cao, kt qu mang tnh ch quan ca
ngi thc hin, v khng phi c s y t no cng c my
siu m tim.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu: nh gi vai tr ca
cht ch im sinh hc NT-ProBNP c th gip cc Bac s lm
sng chn on nhanh nguyn nhn kh th cp khi bnh
nhn nhp khoa cp cu. (NOTE: This is not the importance
of research problem. What are the theoretical consequences
for the researcher in the field and what are the practical
consequences for the practitioner in the field if the above
research problem is not solved)

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu:
+ nh gi vai tr ca NT-ProBNP trong chn on nguyn
nhn kh th do tim v khng do tim, so snh vi siu m tim
+ So snh cc im ct ca NT-ProBNP trong chn on suy
tim
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu:
+ Bnh nhn c chia hai nhm: Nhm kh th do tim v
nhm kh th do cc bnh l khc.
+ Cc Bc s tham gia chn on phn nhm khng c bit
kt qu xt nghim NT-ProBNP v LVEF.
+ Nghin cu c tin hnh theo phng php ct ngang m
t, tin cu.

V d 4 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin:
+ Nng NT-ProBNP bnh nhn suy tim cao hn
bnh nhn h hp c ngha thng k.
+ Din tch di ng cong ROC ( AUC) ca NTProBNP trong chn on suy tim ln hn LVEF.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin:
+ NT-ProBNP co th chn on loi tr suy tim
bnh nhn kh th cp vi chnh xc cao.
+ Xt nghim NT-ProBNP c gi tr hn siu m tim
trong chn on suy tim bnh nhn kh th cp.

Ti liu tham kho


Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at


http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

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