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The region was contested by various Turkic groups, Mongols and the
Chinese until the 18th century, when the Chinese Qing Dynasty brought the
whole area under its control.
Activists say Uighur commercial and cultural activities have been gradually
curtailed by the Chinese state. There are complaints of severe restrictions
on Islam, with fewer mosques and strict control over religious schools.
Some violence has also spilled out of Xinjiang. A March stabbing spree in
Kunming in Yunnan province that killed 29 people was blamed on Xinjiang
separatists, as was an October 2013 incident where a car ploughed into a
crowd andburst into flames in Beijing's Tiananmen Square.
Who's to blame?
ETIM has not said it was behind any of the attacks. Chinese authorities said
the Turkestan Islamic Party - which it says is synonymous with ETIM released a video backing the Kunming attack, however.
References
PICTURES:
BBC.
WIKIPEDIA.
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