BDA 10102

COMPUTER AIDED
DESIGN

CREATE 2D BASIC
DRAWING
Lecturers name:
1. Ashari bin Kasmin
2. Abd Khalil bin Abd Rahim
3. Muhammad Aimullah bin Abdullah
4. Helmy bin Mustafa El Bakri
5. Muhammad bin Zulkipli

Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:

Identify the default coordinate system and use

dynamic input, direct distance, and shortcut menus.
Use the Line, Circle, Arc, Erase, Rectangle, and
Polygon commands to create and erase geometry in
the drawing.
Use object snaps to accurately place and create
objects in the drawing.
Activate and use the Polar Tracking and PolarSnap
modes to more accurately create geometry at
different angles in the drawing.
Explain, enable, and use object snap tracking to
position geometry in the drawing.

Inputting Data
Every drawing action requires some form of data
input. Regardless of the types of geometry you
create, you are constantly inputting data in one form
or another.
The
following
image
illustrates how to use the
Dynamic Input interface to
draw a 10mm line at 30
degrees.

Command Line Options

Command options appear on the command line.
The capitalized letter(s) represents the letter(s)
you enter to use that option. You are not required
to enter the letter(s) as a capital letter.
Options for the command appear within [...]
brackets. If there is a default option for the
command, it appears within <...> brackets. To
use the default option, press ENTER.

Dynamic Input
The Dynamic Input interface is a way of
entering data dynamically. Rather than
entering data on the command line, which is
generally positioned at the bottom of the
screen, you can use the Dynamic Input
interface for heads-up design, entering
command information on screen at the cursor
1. Tooltip
location.

2. Coordinate, Length,
or Angle input fields
3. Down Arrow.
4. Dynamic Input
Menu

Coordinate System
Every object you draw is placed in either the world
coordinate system (WCS) or a user coordinate
system (UCS). When you create 2D geometry, data
input is ultimately passed to the software in the
form

of

Cartesian

(x,y)

or

polar

coordinates

(distance, angle). You can either manually enter

these coordinates or infer them by picking a point
in the drawing window.

Cartesian Coordinate
Systems
The following image illustrates a line drawn
from the origin of the coordinate system 0,0
with its endpoint at the coordinate 4,6.
To specify a Cartesian
coordinate, type the X and Y
coordinates
and
press
ENTER. Example: 4,6 where
X is equal to the distance
from the origin along the X
axis and Y is equal to the
distance from the origin
along the Y axis.

Polar Coordinate Systems

A polar coordinate is a point in the coordinate
system that is determined by a distance and an
angle.
The following illustration shows a line drawn from
the origin of the coordinate system with a length of
7 units and an angle of 45 degrees.
To
specify
a
polar
coordinate,
type
the
distance < angle, example
5<45,
where
Distance
equals
the
distance
travelled from the specified
origin point and Angle
equals the angle from the X

Polar Angle
The default polar angle is measured counter
clockwise from the zero angle position. The default
zero angle is in the East compass direction.

Absolute and Relative

Coordinate System
An absolute coordinate represents a specific point
in the current coordinate system relative to the
origin point (0,0). To enter an absolute coordinate,
type the values as a Cartesian coordinate (x,y) or
Polar coordinate (distance angle).
Absolute and Relative Coordinate Examples:

Example of Cartesian or Polar

Coordinate Input
The following lines could have been drawn
using Cartesian or Polar coordinates. Assuming
the start point at the red arrow, the command
line input for relative Cartesian or Polar
coordinates would be as follows:
Point 2: @4,0 or @4<0
Point 3: @0,2 or @2<90
Point 4: @-1,0 or @1<180

Creating Basic Objects

All drawings consist of basic objects that you
create using basic commands. In this lesson,
you learn how to create objects such as lines,
circles, arcs, rectangles, and polygons. You also
learn how to use the Erase command to erase
objects.

Line Command
The following illustration shows a line segment
being drawn using the dynamic input interface
to specify the length (1) and angle (2) of the
segment.

Line
options
can
be
selected from the shortcut
menu or typed at the
Command line (L).

Circle Command
In the following image, the circle centre point is
selected and you are prompted to specify a
radius.

Circle
options
can
be
selected from the shortcut
menu or typed at the
Command line (C).

Arc Command
The following illustration represents an arc
being created through three points.

Arc options can be selected

from the shortcut menu or
typed at the Command line
(Arc).

Rectangle Command
This illustration shows a rectangle with the
point used to create it specified.

Polygon Command
Use the Polygon command to create regular
polygon geometry by specifying the center
point and radius of an imaginary circle, or the
start point and endpoint of one of the polygon
edges.

Object Snap
Every object you create has various selectable
points that you can use to position other objects.
Every time you create an object you are required to
specify a point or location. It is critical that these
points be defined accurately if you expect your
drawing to be accurate. The following are the object
snap modes available in AutoCAD.
ENDpoint
EXTension
MIDpoint
PERpendicular
INTersection
PARallel
APParent
INSert
NODe
Intersection
CENter
NEAest
QUAdrant
From
TANgent

Endpoint
The ENDpoint Object Snap mode snaps to
the closest endpoint of a line or an arc. To
use this Object Snap mode, select the
Endpoint button, and move the cursor
(crosshairs) anywhere close to the endpoint
of the object. The marker will be displayed at
the endpoint; click to specify that point. For
figure, invoke the LINE command from the
Draw toolbar. The following is the prompt
sequence:

Specify first point: Select the Endpoint

button from the Object Snap toolbar.
_endp of Move the crosshair and select
the arc.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the

endpoint of the line.

ENDpoint Object Snap

mode


Midpoint
The MIDpoint Object Snap mode snaps to the
midpoint of a line or an arc. To use this
Object Snap mode, select Midpoint osnap
and select the object anywhere. AutoCAD
will grab the midpoint of the object. For
figure, invoke the LINE command from the
Draw toolbar. The following is the prompt
sequence.

Specify first point: Select the starting

point of the line.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Choose

the Snap to Midpoint button from the
Object Snap toolbar.
_mid of Move the cursor and select the
original line.

MIDpoint Object Snap mode

 Center
The CENter Object Snap mode allows you to snap to the
center point of an ellipse, circle, or arc. For figure, invoke the
LINE command from the Draw toolbar. The following is the
prompt sequence:
Specify first point: Choose the Snap to Center button from the
Object Snap toolbar.
CENter Object Snap mode

_cen of Move the cursor and select the circle.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the endpoint of the line.

Tangent
For figure, invoke the LINE command from the Draw toolbar.
The following is the prompt sequence:
Specify first point: Select the starting point of the line.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Choose the Snap to
Tangent button from the Object Snap toolbar.
_tan to Move the cursor and select the circle.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the endpoint of the
line (tangent of the circle).

TANgent Object Snap mode

 Quadrant
The QUAdrant Object Snap mode is used when you need
to snap to a quadrant point of an ellipse, arc, or circle. A
circle has four quadrants, and each quadrant subtends an
angle of 90-degree. If the circle is inserted as a block, that
is rotated, the quadrant points are also rotated by the
same amount, see figures.
To use this object snap, position the cursor on the circle or
arc closest to the desired quadrant, see figure.

QUAdrant object snap mode

Location of circle quadrants

Quadrants in a rotated
circle

Intersection
The INTersection Object Snap mode is used to snap to a point where two or more
lines, circles, ellipses, or arcs intersect. For figure, invoke the LINE command. The
prompt sequence is given next.
Specify first point: Choose the Snap to Intersection button from the Object Snap toolbar.
_ int of Position the cursor near the intersection and select it.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the endpoint of the line.

After selecting the Intersection

object snap, if your cursor is close to
an object and not close to an actual
intersection, the intersection marker
displays ellipses [...] with it. This
indicates an extended intersection.
This mode selects extended or
visual intersections of lines, arcs,
circles, or ellipses (figure).
Extended

Intersection
Object Snap mode

INTersection
Snap mode

Object

 Perpendicular
The PERpendicular Object Snap mode is used to draw a
line perpendicular to or from another line, or normal to or
from an arc or circle, or to an ellipse. The prompt
sequence to draw a line perpendicular to a given line
(figure) is given next.
Specify first point: Select the starting point of the line.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Choose the Snap to Perpendicular
button from the Object Snap toolbar.

PERpendicular Object Snap

mode

_per to Select the line on which you want to draw perpendicular.

The prompt sequence for drawing a line perpendicular

from a given line (figure) is given next.
Specify first point: Choose the Snap to Perpendicular button
from the Object Snap toolbar.
_per to
Select the line on which you want to draw
perpendicular.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the endpoint of the line.

Selecting the perpendicular

snap first

 Nearest
The NEArest Object Snap mode selects a point on
an object (line, arc, circle, or ellipse) that is visually
closest to the graphics cursor (crosshairs). To use
this mode, enter the command, and then choose
the Nearest object snap. Move the crosshairs near
the intended point on the object so as to display
the marker at the desired point and then select the
object. For figure, invoke the LINE command from
the Draw toolbar. The following is the prompt
sequence:
Specify first point: Choose the Snap to Nearest button
from the Object Snap toolbar.
_nea to Select a point near an existing object.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select endpoint of the line.

NEArest Object Snap mode

 Insert
The INSert Object Snap mode is used to snap to the insertion point of a text, shape,
block, attribute, or attribute definition. In figure, the text WELCOME is left-justified
and the text AutoCAD is center-justified. The point with respect to which the text is
justified is the insertion point of that text string. If you want to snap to these insertion
points or the insertion point of a block, you must use the INSert Object Snap mode.
Invoke the LINE command and following is the prompt sequence:
Specify first point: Choose the Snap to Insert
button from the Object Snap toolbar.
_ins of Select WELCOME text.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Choose the Snap to
Insert button from the Object Snap toolbar.
_ins of Select the block.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Choose the Snap to
Insert button from the Object Snap toolbar.
_ins of Select AutoCAD text.
INSert Object Snap mode

About Units & Setting

Units represent the baseline of all the geometry that
you create in your drawing. It is up to you to
determine what unit of measurement will be used in
your drawing.

END
OF
LESSON 2