PHYLOSOPHY

OF

ORTHODONTIC

THE MEANING
The word ORTHODONTIC comes from
Greeks words :
Orthos,means good
Dons, means teeth
So, ORTHODONTIC can be mention
as a science that fixes or arranges
disordered teeth contour.

DEFINITION
There are four Definitions of
Orthodontic :
1. According to Dr. E. H. Angle (1900)
2. According to Moyes (1911)
3. According to The British Society of
Orthodontics (1922)
4. According to American Association of
Orthodontist

MAIN OBJECTIVES
There are ten purposes of Orthodontics :
1. Prohibits the abnormal face contour
condition caused by jaw and teeth disorder.
2. Increases the right function of chewing.
3. Increases the teeth endurance from caries.
4. Avoids teeth from Periodontal diseases.
5. Prohibits orthodontic treatment in old ages.

MAIN OBJECTIVES
6. Prohibits and vanishes the abnormal
breath by teeth growth aspect.
7. Fixes the way of speak.
8. Vanishes the bad habits that can
cause chronically disorder.
9. Fixes the abnormal
Temporomandibular joint.
10. Increase Self Confidences

ORTHODONTIC
TREATMENT
According to The Characteristic, Orthodontic
Treatment is divided into two Periods :
1. Active Periods, the period of arranging
malfunction teeth by using mechanical
pressure of an orthodontic gadget, or the
treatment to make a correction of upper and
lower jaw connection by using functional
pressure of mouth muscles.
Eg : Active Plate, Activator (Myofunctional
Appliance)

ORTHODONTIC
TREATMENT
2.Passive Period, the treatment after
the active period, with the
objective to keeps the teeth
position which have been
corrected so the teeth dont
relapse by using Hawley Retainer.

ORTHODONTIC
TREATMENT
According to The Using of Appliances,
Orthodontic Treatment is divided into two :
1. Removable Appliances, the appliances that
are used bye the patients themselves.
Egs : Active Plate, Expansion Plate,
Activator, Bite Raiser, etc.
1. Fixed Appliances, the appliances that can be
used only by the doctor.
Egs : Begg Technique, Edgewise, Twin Wire
Arch, Straightwire, etc.

ORTHODONTIC
TREATMENT
According to
The Time and Malocclusion Level,
Orthodontic Treatment is divided
into three Periods :
1.Preventive Orthodontics
2.Interceptive Orthodontics
3.Corrective/Curative Orthodontics

PREVENTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
The things that avoid all influences which can
change the normal growth so malposition of
teeth and abnormal jaw interconnection can
be avoided.
The Action phases:
a. During the pregnancy, the child need a lot of
nutrients.
b. After the birth, keep the nutrients for childrens
health.
c. After the child has teeth, keep the temporary teeth
until the teeth are replaced by permanent teeth.

INTERCEPTIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Interceptive Orthodontics is an orthodontics
actions or treatment on newly grow malocclusion
to prohibits malocclusion become worse.
The examples of Interceptive Orthodontics :
1. Serial Extraction
2. Space Regainer
3. Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME)
4. Myotheraphy
5. Friction to a distal moral of one permanent weather
it is upward or downward to complete the curve

CORRECTIVE / CURATIVE
ORTHODONTICS
Corrective Orthodontics is an
orthodontics treatment on already
happen malocclusion.
Corrective/Curative Orthodontics is
applied in the permanent teeth period.

ORTHODONTICS TERMS
Terms to explain the correlation between
teeth on upper and lower jaw.
1. Occlusion, the correlation between
teeth
on upper and lower jaw where there is
huge contact between the teeth.
2. Malocclusion, the deviation of teeth
from normal occlusion which intrudes
main function of the teeth.

ORTHODONTICS TERMS
Dr. E.H. Angle divided the correlation
between teeth on upper and lower jaw into
three groups :
a. Netrocclusion ( Klas I Angle )
b. Distocclusion ( Klas II Angle ), Post
Normal
c. Mesiocclusion ( Klas III Angle ), Pre
Normal

ORTHODONTICS TERMS
3. Overjet, horizontal gap between upper insisal
incisivi edge to lower labial incisivi in the
centric relation jaws condition.
4. Overbite, vertical gap between upper insisal
incisivi edge to lower insisal incisivi in the
centric relation jaws condition.
5. Open bite, the condition where there is a lost
contact space between upper and lower
teeth in the centric relation jaws condition.

ORTHODONTICS TERMS
6. Cross bite, the condition where one or
some teeth are placed in the palatinal
or lingual lower teeth. This condition
is also called outer cross bite.
7. Scissor bite, the condition where
upper palatinal posterior teeth
protrusionist placed in protrusion
buccal lower posterior teeth.

ORTHODONTICS TERMS
Terms to explain the correlation between jaws to
basiscranii and orbital area (Simon line).
1. Jaws Protrusion / Protaction, the position of jaws
are a little bit to the front.
Upper Jaw Protrusion : Maksila Protrusion
Lower Jaw Protrusion : Mandibula Protrusion
: Prognation
: Progeni
Upper and
Lower Jaws Protrusion : Bimaksiler Protrusion
2. Jaws Retrution/Retraction, the position of jaws
are a little bit to the back.
Lower Jaw Retrusion / retraction : Retrognation

ORTHODONTICS TERMS
Terms to explain the malposition individual teeth.
Things to measure and diagnose the malposition
of teeth :
1. The correlation between teeth on the same jaw.
2. The correlation between teeth in a different jaw.
3. The teeth position toward the same teeth in the
same jaw.
4. The axis of the teeth toward the axis of alveolar
bone.

ORTHODONTICS TERMS
Teeth malposition can be diagnosed as follow :
1. Elongasion / extrusion / supraversion / supracclusion,
the condition where the teeth are higher from
occlusion line.
2. Depression / intrusion / infraversion / infraclusion, the
condition where the teeth are lower/can reach
occlusion area.
3. Mesioversion : The teeth to mescial from normal.
4. Distoversion : The teeth to distal from normal.

ORTHODONTICS TERMS
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Buccoversion : The teeth to buccal from normal.

Palatoversion : The teeth to pallatinal from normal.
Linguoversion : The teeth to lingual from normal.
Labioversion : The teeth to labial from normal.
Transverse
: The teeth eruption position moved
to other teeth area
10. Aksiversion : The teeth seems to move, but the end
of the roof is stay in one place
11. Toksiversion : The teeth spin in the axis, but the end
of the axis are not change.

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THE GROWTH AND

DEVELOPMENT
OF

DENTO FACIAL

DEFINITION
Growth

is the physicochemical process

found in living matter which manifest
itself in structure, composition and size
of organism, where there is a
progressive complexity increase in size,
changes in proportion the entire series
of anatomic and physiologic changes
taking place between the beginning of
prenatal life and the end of senillity.

1.
2.

INFLUENCED
GENETIC FACTORS

INTERNAL FACTORS
- Metabolism
- Endocrine disturbances: Hipophyse,Thyroidea
Suprarenalist
- EXTERNAL FACTORS/ENVIRONMENT
- Nutrition
- Diseases
- Habit, culture
4. GROWTH PATTERN
5. IDIOPATIC

VARIATION
SHAPES
SIZE
AGE

CORELATION OF GROWTH
AND DEVELOPMENT
INTERACTION, kids learn to walk
INTERDEPENDENT, teeth
exchanging period
INTERCHANGABLE, changes from
baby voice to adult voice

PHYSIOLOGYCAL CHANGES
IN GROWTH

Pulp Chamber and Root Canal, from

temporary teeth to permanent teeth
Childrens Blood Nerves, more elastic
Resorption for temporary teeths root
in eruption process of permanent
teeth
Skull for children Spongie Bones
( Cancellous Bone ) and for Adult,
Compact Bone ( Cortical bone )

TEETH GROWTH
There are two kinds of teeth growth :
1. Somatogenetic; from one cell
become many cells, manage by :
thyroid, adrenal, gonad
2. Morfogenetic; from embryo arise
kinds of organs, manage by : Lobus
anterior hipofise

GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT PERIOD
A.

PRENATAL PERIOD
1. Ovum Period; from conception until
2 weeks,
OVUM Mitosis Differentiate Blastula Gastrula :
Ecthodermal, Mesodermal, Endodermal
2. Embryo Period; 2 weeks until 8 weeks
Ecthodermal
eyes, jaw
Mesodermal

nose, teeth
Endodermal
etc
3. Fetus Period; 2 month until 10 month
eyes, jaw
nose, teeth Baby
etc

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PERIOD
B.

NATAL

C.

POSTNATAL PERIOD
1. Infancy Period, from 0 to 3 year old
2. Childhood Period, 3 years to 6 years old
3. Puberty Period, female 6 to 13 years old
male
6 to 14 years old
4. Adolescence Period,
female
: 13 to 18 years old
male
: 14 to 20 years old
5. Maturity Period, 18 20 years to 60 years old
6. Senility Period, start from 60 years old

GROWTH SIZE
1.
2.
3.

Face Bone Growth

Cranium Growth
Os basis Cranii

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PROCESS OF BONE
1.

2.

Endrochondral (Cartilagineus);
At first, Cartilago grows fast (the cells
arise from undefferentiated
mesenchym cell) appositely and then
the interstitial is calcified on its
center
Intramembraneus; mesenchym cell
directly differentiated as osteoblast
and its matrics is calcified

Elemen pd jar tulang

1. BERSIFAT PERMANEN:
- osteocyt
- Subst intercellulair:
- Fibril dan subst semen
2. BERSIFAT TDK PERMANEN:
- Osteoblast
- Osteoclast

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PROCESS OF BONE
Cranium Growth :
1. Calvarium Growth (Neurocranium)
2. Cranium Basis Growth
3. Facial Growth (Splanchnocranium,
Viscerocranium)

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

PROCESS OF BONE
Bones which are in Cranium :
14 splanchnocranium bones/facial bones:
2 os maxillaries, 2 os palatinalis, 2 os
zygomaticum, 2 os nasalis, 2 os nasalis
conchae inferior, 2 os lacrimalis, 1 os vomer,
1 os mandibularies.
8 neurocranium bones /calvarium bones:
1 os frontalis, 1 os occipitalis, 2 os parietalis,
2 os temporalis, 2 os spenoidalis, 1 os
ethmoidalis

1.
CALVARIUM/NEUROCRANIU
Related to brain Growth
M
8

- 9 times bigger than

Splanchnocranium
Adults Calvarium size is a half head
size and 1/8 of body length.
At the age of 5, 90 % growth
Growth direction
- Anteroposterior
- Transversal (widen)
- Vertical

2. CRANIUM BASIS
GROWTH
ENDOCHONDRALLY

- Synchondrosys Sphenoethmoidalius
- Synchondrosys Interspenoidalis
- Synchondrosys Sphenooccipitalis
MAJOR

JAW GROWTH WHEN THE

FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR TEETH
ERUPTED

CRANIUM BASIS GROWTH

PICTURE

3. FACIAL GROWTH
(SPLANCHNOCRANIUM)
Facial

Growth is not depend on

Brain Growth

Two

kinds of Facial Growth :

- Maxilla Growth
- Mandibula Growth

MAXILLA GROWTH
Influenced
The

by Cranium Basis Growth

position an relation of Maxilla

trough calvarium depend on the
growth on these sutura:
- Sphenooccipitalis
- Sphenoethmoidalis

MAXILLA GROWTH
Maxilla is connected to
Cranium Basis by :
Sutura

Frontomaxillaries
Sutura Zygomaticomaxillaries
Sutura Zygomaticotemporalies
Sutura Pterigopalatina

MAXILLA GROWTH
Resorption and Apposition Process on
Maxilla
happen in these areas:
Tuberocity

Maxillaries
Processus Zygomaticomaxillaries
Arcus Maxillaries
Processus Palatinus
Premaxilla
Orbita
Regio Nasalis

MAXILLA GROWTH
STATEMENTS
Dr.

John
Apposition and resorption process on the
surface of bone is a remodeling process which
function to keep the position and proportion
constant

Dr.

Waiman and Sicher

The Suturas position are oblique and not in a
row, even so the direction of maxilla growth
are downward and frontward

MANDIBULA GROWTH
At

Natal Period both mandibula

ramus are still separated by
Symphisis

On

the first year of birth, there is an

active aposition growth on the lower
edge and surface Lateral Mandibula
and Condylus Mandibulae

GROWTH DIRECTION
OF FACIAL SUTURAS

APPOSITION AND RESORPTION ON

MAXILLA AND GROWTH DIRECTION

MANDIBULA GROWTH
CONDYLUS GROWTH
Condylus consist of Cartylago Hyalin covered
by thick and solid fibrous membrane
Condylus grows in two ways :
1. Cartilago make an Interosteum growth
further replaced by bone
2. Aposition Cartilago growth beneath the
membrane which cover it and then make a
bone forming

MANDIBULA GROWTH
RESORPTION HAPPEN ON:
Frontal

side of Ramus Mandibulae

Lingual side of Incisivi
Lingual side of Processus alveolaris

MANDIBULA GROWTH
FORMING PROCESS OF MANDIBULA IN
NATAL PERIOD :
Short

Ramus
Blunt Angulus
Unclear Condylus and Collam Mandibulae
Canalis Mandibularis placed on the lower
side closed to Basis Mandibula

GROWTH DIRECTION
1.
2.
3.

Anteropost ( Sagital / Forward )

Height ( Vertical / Downward )
Wide ( Transversal / Outward )

VERTICAL GROWTH
OF THE FACE
1.
2.

Action of gravity
Changes of Face Bone Growth
- Sinus Maxillaries
- Sinus Frontalies
- Nasal Cavity
- Glanoid Fossa
- Ramus
- Gonion Angle
- Sinus Sphenoidalis on Cranee basis

VERTICAL GROWTH
OF THE FACE
Temporary / Permanent Teeth
Eruption
4. Processus Alveolaries Growth
5. The effect of Mastication Muscle
function to the body of the
mandible and Arcus Zygomaticcum
3.

ANTEROPOST / SAGITAL
GROWTH OF THE FACE
Tuber maxillaries Growth
2. Pyramidali Growth
3. Trigonum Retromolar Growth
1.

Anak-anak

Dewasa

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