Asian Development Bank TA-6422 (REG):

Mainstreaming Environment for

Poverty Reduction

The Philippines
Environment and Natural
Resources Country Assessment:
‘A Call to Action’

2nd Consultative Workshop

23 March 2010, Discovery Suites
James T. Berdach, ENR Economist/Policy Specialist
 Purpose of the TA
 To prepare a synthesis report, the
“Philippines Environment and Natural
Resources Country Assessment: A Call to
Action”

 The synthesis report will offer information

to help guide environmental planning and
policy decisions for incoming government
leaders to be elected in 2010
 Progress To-Date:
 First consultative workshop conducted
November 2009
 Additional focused consultations held
 Draft “Call to Action” prepared: still a
“work in progress”
 Remaining Work to be Done:
 Conduct final consultative workshop
(today)
 Incorporate suggestions/
recommendations into “Call to Action”
 Finalize “Call to Action”
 Prepare 3 policy briefs
 Publish/Disseminate
 Purpose of Today’s Workshop:
 Inform participants about the CEA
synthesis document
 Continue the consultative process to
gather further information from
stakeholders
 identify/confirm key planning/policy,
institutional and investment interventions
needed to address major ENR issues
 refine action plan framework
 Today’s Workshop:

 Morning presentations:
 DENR
 ADB and World Bank
 CEA synthesis report summary
 Panel Presentations
 The Panelists

Dr. Rodel Atty. Mary Dr. Jaime Dr. Graciano

Lasco Ann Lucille Galvez Tan, Yumul, Jr.
Sering M.D.
 Today’s Workshop:
 Afternoon Working Groups:
 Policy, planning, and legal priorities
 Institutional and capacity-building
priorities
 Financial, budget, and investment
priorities
 Evaluation of results
 The Synthesis Report
 Country environmental analyses (CEAs) prepared by
ADB and World Bank will be used as principal source
documents for the synthesis report

 The synthesis report will focus on three main

thematic environment and natural resources (ENR)
areas:
‒ Natural resources
‒ Environmental health
‒ Climate change
1. Natural
Resources
1. Natural
Resources
 2. Environmental Health

Heavy smog over Metro Manila

 2. Environmental Health

Wood-burning stoves are primary source of indoor air pollution in rural areas
2. Environmental Health
2. Environmental Health
 3. Climate
Change

(Supertyphoon Nida 2004)

 3. Climate Change

(Princess of the Stars Disaster)

(Leyte Landslide)
 3. Climate Change

(‘Ondoy’ 2009)
3. Climate Change

(‘Ondoy’ 2009)
 Why the
Synthesis Report?
 Recognizing the SERIOUS ENR ISSUES that
the country is currently facing, the
synthesis report is intended to serve as a
CALL TO ACTION to help MOTIVATE KEY
DECISION-MAKERS in the incoming
government to TAKE THE NECESSARY
STEPS to promote sustainability through
improved ENR management
 Creating an Effective
‘Call to Action’
 To be most effective in stimulating
action, the synthesis report should be:
 Easily understood
 Logical
 Informative
 Compelling
 Tools
 The following tools can be applied to strengthen the
impact of the synthesis report:
‒ Use of valuation studies, cost-benefit analysis to
promote greater understanding and appreciation
of the economic importance of ENR
‒ Use of graphics (photos, charts, tables, graphs) to
create impact, tell a story, focus attention, and
present information in an easily-understood format
‒ Use of quotes from experts to strongly make a
point
‒ Citing success stories as examples to point the
way forward for future solutions
 Tools

‒ Use of valuation studies, cost-benefit

analysis to promote greater
understanding and appreciation of the
economic importance of ENR
 Economic Analysis Comparing
“with project” and “without project”
scenarios: INREM

Status Quo Scenario with project Scenario without project

Land use
option
ha ha Change ha Change
Closed forest 170,079 508,008 337,930 85,039 -85,039
Open forest 143,205 143,205 0 79,945 -63,261
Plantation 5,183 68,644 63,461 5,183 0
Agriculture 485,604 408,996 -76,609 978,598 492,994
(million US$)
NPV With Without
(12%, 25 yrs) Status Quo change change
project project
30,621 46,426 15,805 30,941 320
 Comparative Analysis of Land Use Changes (ha) Under
Two Management Scenarios

S cena rio without

project

Scena rio with

project

Cropla nds

Pla nta tion Sta tus Quo

Open fore st

Close d fore st 0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000

Source: ADB INREM

 Tools

‒ Use of graphics (photos, charts, tables,

graphs) to create impact, tell a story,
focus attention, and present information
in an easily-understood format
 From this…

(Buguias, Benguet)
…to this…

(Tinoc, Mtn. Province)

 …means that this…

(Mt. Data Area)

(Bauko, Ifugao)
… cannot be sustainable

(Buguias, Benguet)
 Tools

‒ Use of quotes by credible experts to

strongly make a point
“Environmental security is the highest
form of national security.”
-Atty. Tony Oposa,
Environmental Advocate
 Tools

‒ Citing success stories as examples to

point the way forward for future solutions
(“Learning Lessons” section of Chapter
V)
 PES: A Working Model for
Sustainability

THE SITUATION:
Malaybalay City, the capital city of Bukidnon Province, plays a strategic role
in the protection of the headwaters of the Pulangi and the Tagoloan rivers
because of its location in the upper reaches of both watershed areas. The
city itself also depends on water from the upper watershed, for its supply
of potable drinking water, and water for domestic and commercial use.
 PES: A Working Model for
Sustainability
THE ACTION:
In April 2006, a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) was signed between the City
government of Malaybalay and the Bukidnon Higa-onon Tribal Association (BHTA) located
at Kibalabay – Carrayan sub-watershed. The MOA states that the Malaybalay city
government will pay a water users’ fee of 7.5 centavos per cubic meter to the BHTA. In
return, the BHTA is responsible for rehabilitation and maintenance of the watershed. The
City’s Community Environment and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) is in charge of
monitoring the performance of the BHTA.
 PES: A Working Model for
Sustainability
THE RESULT:
The Bukidnon Higa-onon Tribal Association experience in Malaybalay
illustrates how “payment for ecosystem services” (PES) can be put into
practice. This is a ‘real-world’ example of a voluntary contract-based
arrangement between a service buyer (local government) and service provider
(upper watershed communities) with direct cash payment being made for
forest protection and maintenance.
 Framework for an
Action Plan
For each of the three ENR focal areas
(environmental health, natural
resources, and climate change):
‒policy responses
‒institutional responses
‒and investment responses
are suggested to address key issues
and concerns
 Framework for an
Action Plan
Planning, Policy and Legal Responses
· Adoption and Application of Spatial
Development Plans
· Improvement of ENR Data and Information
Management
· Restructuring and Refocusing of the
Environmental Assessment (EA) System
· Strengthening Forest Management and
Biodiversity Conservation
 Framework for an
Action Plan

Planning, Policy and Legal Responses

(cont’d.)
· Integration of Climate Change into
Government Programs
· Integration of ENR Issues into Poverty
Reduction Programs
· Promulgation of Important Legislation
· Monitoring and Evaluation of Results
Results Monitoring and Evaluation
 Framework for an
Action Plan

Institutional and Capacity-Building

Responses
· Restructuring and Capacity Building for
Improved ENR Management
· Establishing Institutional Mechanisms for
Integrated Ecosystem-Based Planning and
Management
 Framework for an
Action Plan

Investment, Budgetary, and Financial

Responses
· Regular Budget Allocations
· Dedicated Funds for ENR
· Use of Market-Based Instruments to Promote
ENR Programs and Projects
 Screening for Priority-Setting

A. Cost-Effectiveness
1. Interventions yielding the greatest benefit
for the greatest number of people
2. Interventions that prevent loss and avoid
costly repair of ecosystems or
replacement of resources
 Screening for Priority-Setting

B. Temporal Prioritization
1. Prioritize according to time sensitivity:
which interventions are most critically
needed in the short term, vs. those which
could be put off for the medium or long term
2. time requirement: what amount of time is
needed to properly prepare for, plan,
design, and implement a required
intervention.
Thank you!
 The draft “Call to Action” is
downloadable at:
https://download.yousendit.com/S1VBa0ZaQk5
rYUEwTVE9PQ

OR

https://www.yousendit.com/transfer.php?
action=download&ufid=S1VBa0ZaQk5rYUE
wTVE9PQ
 The ADB and World Bank CEAs
are accessible at:
ADB:
http://www.adb.org/Documents/Books/5th-
Country-Environmental-Analysis-PHI/5th-
Country-Environmental-Analysis-PHI.pdf
World Bank:
http://www-
wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSCo
ntentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/11/18/0003330
37_20091118233248/Rendered/PDF/51683
0ESW0WHIT1EA0final0LS029Oct09.pdf