housing

Definition
Housing is The physical environment,
neighborhood, micro district or the
physical infra structures that mankind
use for shelter and the environs of
that structure, including all necessary
services, facilities, equipment and
devices needed for the physical health
and social well being of the family and
the individual.

A household consists of one or more

people who live in the same dwelling and also
share the living accommodation, and may
consist of a single family or some other
grouping of people

A dwelling unit is a room or suite of

rooms
operated
as
a
self-contained
housekeeping
unit
that
includes
independent
cooking,
eating,
living,
sleeping and bathroom facilities.

EVOLUTION PERIODS OF
HOUSING

SHELTER BASIC HUMAN NEED

1.

PaleoIndians

13,000 (or simple, temporary

earlier) to structures called
6000 B.C. "brush shelters.
Nomadic lifestyle

2.

Archaic
Period

6000 to
500 B.C

hunter-gatherer
lifestyle.
began
experimenting with
growing
domesticated
plants.

3.

Pueblo

500 B.C.
to A.D.
750

people became
farmers.
Farming and a
settled way of life

5
.
4. Pueblo I
Period

A.D. 750
to 900

living in compact
permanent
settlements known
as pueblos
farmsteads where a
few families lived
side-by-side.
large villages where
many families lived
close together.

5. Pueblo II A.D. 900

Period
to 1150

centers where many

people gathered to
trade and
socialize.

left their farmsteads

and moved into
large villages

Pueblo
III
Period

A.D. 1150
to 1300

7 PostA.D. 1300 They continued to live in

. Migrat to 1950
villages that had one or
ion
more room blocks, kivas,
and plazas.

8 Moder
. n
Puebl
o

A.D. 1950 kept their own languages,

to today
customs, and forms of
government. At the same
time, they engage in a
modern lifestyle.
farmers, teachers,
students, artists,
business people, and
civic leaders. They
contribute their skills and
knowledge to their own
communities and to
society.

APPROACH
BODY

ELEMENT

LIFE

SPACE FORMING

FUNCTION=

SETTLEMENT

SETTLEMENT

SETTLEMENT :
a permanent or a temporary
community in which people live.

range in size from a small

number of dwellings grouped
together to the largest of cities with
surrounding urbanized areas.

COMMUNITY :
Human needs &
activities
Live
Work
Types:
play
Urban - a large community with
many people and
large buildings, a city
Suburbs a medium sized
community near a large city,
houses are closed
together.
Rural houses are far apart,
small number of people.

THE RELATION OF HOUSE

AND SETTLEMENT:

The living pattern always extend beyond the house to some extent, it
is necessary to see house as part of total social system, and not in
isolation, which helps in understanding the relation of man to its
settlement.
House is only a small part of large settlement. Moreover, each of the
settlements has its own customs, traditions, ideas.
The use of public spaces and buildings, interaction spaces for each
gender, ceremonial spaces, and educational spaces forms the part of
settlement.
It should be understood in its relation to the town, its monumental
parts, non-domestic areas, and social meeting places, and the way
they and the urban spaces are used.
The movement from the house, through the various transitions to the
street, and then to the other parts of the settlements.

Housing problems
and needs
Migration
&
Affordability

Driving Force ----- needs, demand, expectation

Housing needs
Economic
conditions

Social
Needs

HOUSING

Religious
needs

Cultural
needs

Housing needs

- types

Existing needs
Replacement needs
Future needs

Housing typology

Sectors of housing :
private : fetch a land and construct
public : government will have to come up
with public housing

Housing unit types

Detached unit

Semi detached
unit

Attached unit

A detached home
means that a home is
free of any shared
walls and stands
alone.

Consists of pairs of
houses built side-byside or (less
commonly) back-toback, sharing a
party wall and
usually in such a way
that each house's
layout is a mirror
image of its twin.

An attached
home means that
a home shares a
common party
wall usually on
both sides of the
property.

Single
family

Multi
family
r
d

Single Family Homes :

multi Family Homes :

Determine a single family

dwelling are that it sits on its own
piece of land and it is not
attached to anyone else's
residence.

Determine more than 2 to 3

family dwelling as such of
attached or semi detached
housing.

Free-standing or detached
dwellings

Attached or multi-user
dwellings

Advantage

Disadvantag
e

Advantage

Disadvantag
e

Own space /
own property
can be modified
or improved

All maintenance
and repair cost
is own

Subsidy of
payments on
mortgage.

Own responsible
for maintanance

Attached

attached or multi-user dwellings based on

Arranged typically along
the horizontal
Attached / Semi detached
Row house/ town house/
terraced house

Arranged typically
along the vertical
Duplex
Triplex
Apartment
-small apartment
-low rise
-mid rise
-high rise
-apartment over
commercial

attached or multi-user dwellings based on

Arrangement :
1. Twin house or semi-detached:
One building consisting of two
separate "houses", typically side by
side, each with separate entrances
and without common inside areas. Each
of the two houses has separate owners.

2. Terraced house or Row house or

Townhouses:
are houses attached to any number of
other houses.
Each house may have multiple floors,
side by side, each with their own separate
entrances.
where a row of identical or mirrorimage houses share side walls.

1. Two - unite or Duplex house:

A building basically like a house, built on a
house lot, consisting of an apartment taking up
the first floor, and another taking up the second
floor. usually a common basement, a common
front entrance, foyer, and stairs to the second
floor, and often a similar back entrance, foyer,
and stairs.

2. Three- unite or Triplex:

A building similar to the duplex,
except there are three apartments
over each other.

3. Apartment building:
A building with multiple floors containing multiple
houses on each floor.
Apartment building can range in many sizes, some
with only a few houses, other with hundreds of
apartments on many floors, or any size in between.

Factors considered
Push factor : Village
Pull Factor : city / town

Density /
population

Blocks
The second typology represents a quantitative increase in size, in
number of individual units and scale compared to the house
typology. The block height is moderate, usually ranging between
3 and 5 levels; this height is traditionally justified by the number
of levels convenient for walking.

Types of houses
Villa
Apartment
Core housing
Town house
Cooperative
Condominiums
Rental houses

Villa
Vacant
land
house
Ornamental
garden

Independent housing surrounded

by open space
small farming compounds,
which were increasingly fortified
country

Only people who can

afford the transport
easily

City

Open
space
Semi detached
house
Open
space

Initial villas were,

Symmetrical in plan
services in basement
Styles : Greek, colonial ,
gothic, victorials,
asymmetrical, sloped roof

Gated community concept :

2 to 3 houses in a row
Some common activities
Separate open space
Initially :- grid iron pattern of
settlement.
Now :- organic pattern

Villas next concept :

Then came the concept of apartment
MULTI STORY
DEVELOPEMENT

apartment
A multi story development
Space standards

Characteristics:
Shared facilities
Parking
Vertical transition

apartment

Planning of apartment:
Linear,
radial ,
dumb-belled

Types:

Based on BHK
Based on floors

Serviced apartment
Studio apartment
1BHK
2BHK
3BHK

Duplex
Garden
Pent house
Luxury apartment

Core housing
Shared resources and community living

Concept:
People should stay near
by or in any place as a
temporary structure to
construct their house.

Land for construction is given in

loan along with materials.
Government will facilitate but wont
give them full support.

Basic principles:
Minimal unit
Highering a skilled work, training given
to the people / owner.
Sufficient space for expansion
Building materials are available locally.
Provision of basic facilities like water
supply and sanitation

Disadvantage :
More usage of land
Alterations can not be
done for high rise building

Cooperative housing
Housing facility in a group
LIG & MIG
Financially lesser burden
Low interest loans are possible.
Common area
ownership is
shared

Employee housing
Employer will provide the housing
for employee
Ex : police quart, contract workers,
residence for jugges.

Condominiums :
condominiums are apartments that have been
converted over the years. Extends inward from your
interior walls, floors and ceilings.
In addition, of the exterior structure (the foundation,
exterior walls and roof) as well as any common areas
and amenities (for example, swimming pools,
clubhouses, tennis courts, play areas, etc.)

Townhouses :
Townhouses often can make an excellent "middle ground"
between a detached single family home and a full fledged
condominium because, to some degree, they offer attributes of
both.
a townhouse as a home that is attached to one or more other
houses, but which sits directly on a parcel of land that can also
own (if the land is not owned then, it is a condominium).
Townhouses can ranges from duplexes and triplexes all the
way through huge townhouse communities consisting of
hundreds of similar homes.

SLUMS :
Any area unfit for human habitation by reason
of- dilapidation,
Overcrowding,
faulty arrangement and design of
such buildings,
narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets,
Lack of ventilation,
light or sanitation facilities,
or any combination of
above factors, are detrimental to safety, health or
morals,

UN Habitat define slum as as a group of individuals

living under the same roof that
lack one or more (in some cities, two or more) of the
following conditions:
i. security of tenure,
ii. structural quality and
iii. durability of dwellings,
iv. access to safe water,
v. access to sanitation facilities and
vi. sufficient living area.

Housing target
&
Housing stress

Indicators which tell about

the problem

policies

policy

policy

policy

policy

policy

policy

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