KANABIS

Kanabis / Ganja / Mariyuana

Berasal

dari tumbuhan Cannabis Sativa

Bahan aktif :
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THK)

Kanabis
Mariyuana

Hashish

Hash

Oil

Epidemiologi
147 juta orang di dunia
2,5% dari total populasi dunia

Pengguna

Paling

banyak di Amerika Utara, Eropa

Timur, dan Australia

pengguna ganja

Indonesia

juta

orang

Pengguna

Usia 18 tahun 30 tahun

Jenis Kelamin >

Income Use

Status sosioekonomi Use

Etnisitas Caucassian, Hispanic

Availabilitas Use

Cannabis-Related Disorders
DSM -5
Cannabis

Use Disorder

Cannabis

Intoxication

Cannabis

Withdrawal

Gambaran Klinis
(hisap) paru darah otak
dan organ lainnya.
Diterima oleh reseptor kanabinoid di
otak sistem komunikasi otak (sistem
endokanabinoid) mempengaruhi
pusat kesenangan, memori, pikiran,
konsentrasi, persepsi sensori dan waktu,
koordinasi gerak.
Ganja

sistem endokanbinoid efek persepsi

sensori dan waktu meningkat, koordinasi
motorik tergaggu, sulit berpikir dan
pemecahan problem, mengganggu
proses memori dan belajar.
Mengganggu fungsi jantung-paru dan
otak, berimbas pada gangguan proses
perasaan, sikap dan perilaku; suatu
gangguan mental.

Gangguan Mental
Psikotik
Paranoia

dan halusinasi

Depresi
Anxietas
Ide

bunuh diri
Gangguan kepribadian

Efek Terapeutik
Kanabinoid
Analgesia
Anti

mual muntah
Wasting Syndrome dan stimulasi nafsu
makan pada HIV/AIDS
Relaksasi otot
Terapi gangguan gerakan
Terapi epilepsi
Terapi glaukoma

Risiko Ketergantungan
Penggunaan

kanabis setiap hari selama

berminggu-minggu sampai berbulanbulan

the earlier the age of first use, the more

often cannabis has been used, and the
longer it has been used, the higher the
risk of dependence.

Penyalahgunaan Ganja
Problem Fisik
.Gangguan sistem reproduksi
1.

.Foetal

damage selama kehamilan

.Infeksi

sistem pernafasan

.Kanker

(carcinogenic agents)

 Emphysema
Gangguan

kardiovaskuler

Gangguan

imunitas

Gangguan

saraf

Problem Psikologis
.Gangguan memori, kesulitan belajar
.Sindrom amotivasional
.Anxiety, panik
.Psikosis paranoid, skizofrenia
.Depresi berat, suicide
.Apatis, perilaku antisosoial
2.

Problem Sosial
.Kesulitan belajar, dikeluarkan dari sekolah
.Kenakalan remaja
.Rusaknya performa akademik atau
pekerjaan
.Gangguan dalam mengendarai kendaraan
.Terlibat problema hukum
3.

Kematian
.Suicide
4.

.Infeksi

berat

.Kecelakaan

lalu lintas

Deteksi Penggunaan
THK / Kanabinoid dapat ditemukan di :
Rambut kepala
Rambut pubis
Urin
Keringat
Saliva
Darah

Cannabis dependence
treatment
Psikologis
cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
motivational enhancement therapy
(MET)
contingency management (CM)
supportive-expressive psychotherapy
(SEP)
family and systems interventions
twelve-step programs

Farmakologis
Dronabinol
Entacapone
Acetylcysteine
Atomoxetine
Buspirone
Divalproex

TERIMA KASIH

Cannabis Use Disorder

Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)
A.

A problematic pattern of cannabis use

leading to clinically significant impairment
or distress, as manifested by at least two of
the following, occurring within a 12-month
period:
1. Cannabis is often taken in larger amounts
or over a longer period than was intended.
2. There is a persistent desire or
unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control
cannabis use.

3. A great deal of time is spent in

activities necessary to obtain
cannabis, use cannabis, or recover
from its effects.
4. Craving, or a strong desire or urge
to use cannabis.
5. Recurrent cannabis use resulting in
a failure to fulfill major role obligations
at work, school, or home.
6. Continued cannabis use despite
having persistent or recurrent social or
interpersonal problems caused or
exacerbated by the effects of
cannabis.

7. Important social, occupational, or

recreational activities are given up or
reduced because of cannabis use.
8. Recurrent cannabis use in situations
in which it is physically hazardous.
9. Cannabis use is continued despite
knowledge of having a persistent or
recurrent physical or psychological
problem that is likely to have been
caused or exacerbated by cannabis.

 10.

Tolerance, as defined by either of the

following:
a. A need for markedly increased amounts
of cannabis to achieve intoxication or
desired effect.
b. Markedly diminished effect with
continued use of the same amount of
cannabis.
11. Withdrawal, as manifested by either of
the following:
a. The characteristic withdrawal syndrome
for cannabis
b. Cannabis (or a closely related substance)
is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal
symptoms.

 Specify

if:
In early remission
In sustained remission
In a controlled environment
Specify if:
305.20 (F12.10) Mild: Presence of
2-3 symptoms.
304.30 (F12.20) Moderate:
Presence of 4-5 symptoms.
304.30 (F12.20) Severe: Presence
of 6 or more symptoms.

Cannabis Intoxication
Diagnostic Criteria (DSM-5)
A.
B.

Recent use of cannabis.

Clinically significant problematic
behavioral or psychological changes
(e.g., impaired motor coordination,
euphoria, anxiety, sensation of
slowed time, impaired judgment,
social withdrawal) that developed
during, or shortly after, cannabis use.

C.

D.

Two (or more) of the following signs

or symptoms developing within 2
hours of cannabis use:
1. Conjunctival injection.
2. Increased appetite.
3. Dry mouth.
4. Tachycardia.
The signs or symptoms are not
attributable to another medical
condition and are not better
explained by another mental
disorder, including intoxication with
another substance.

Specify if:
292.89 (F12.129) :
Cannabis Intoxication, without perceptual disturbances, With
use disorder, mild
292.89 (F12.229) :
Cannabis Intoxication, Without perceptual disturbances, With
use disorder, moderate/severe
292.89 (F12.929) :
Cannabis Intoxication, Without perceptual disturbances, With
use disorder,
292.89 (F12.122) :
Cannabis Intoxication, With perceptual disturbances, With use
disorder, mild
292.89 (F12.222) :
Cannabis Intoxication, With perceptual disturbances, With use
disorder, moderate/severe
292.89 (F12.922) :
Cannabis Intoxication, With perceptual disturbances, Without
use disorder

Cannabis Withdrawal
Diagnostic Criteria
A.

B.

Cessation of cannabis use tliat lias

been heavy and prolonged (i.e.,
usually daily or almost daily use over
a period of at least a few months).
Three (or more) of the following
signs and symptoms develop within
approximately 1 week after Criterion
A:

1. Irritability, anger, or aggression.

2. Nervousness or anxiety.
3. Sleep difficulty (e.g., insomnia,
disturbing dreams).
4. Decreased appetite or weight loss.
5. Restlessness.
6. Depressed mood.
7. At least one of the following
physical symptoms causing significant
discomfort: abdominal pain,
shakiness/tremors, sweating, fever,
chills, or headache.

C.

D.

The signs or symptoms in Criterion B

cause clinically significant distress or
impairment
in social, occupational, or other
important areas of functioning.
The signs or symptoms are not
attributable to another medical
condition and are not better
explained by another mental disorder,
including intoxication or withdrawal
from another substance.

292.0 (F12.288) :

Cannabis WIthdrawal