Fundamental

Trigonometric
Fundamental
11-3
11-3
Identities
Trigonometric Identities

Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz

HoltMcDougal
Algebra 2Algebra 2
Holt

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Warm Up
Simplify.
1.
2.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

cos A
1

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities

Objective
Use fundamental trigonometric identities to
simplify and rewrite expressions and to verify
other identities.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities

You can use trigonometric identities to simplify

trigonometric expressions. Recall that an
identity is a mathematical statement that is true
for all values of the variables for which the
statement is defined.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
A derivation for a Pythagorean identity is
shown below.
x2 + y2 = r2

Pythagorean Theorem
Divide both sides by r2.

cos2 + sin2 = 1

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Substitute cos for

sin for

and

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities

To prove that an equation is an identity, alter one

side of the equation until it is the same as the
other side. Justify your steps by using the
fundamental identities.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Example 1A: Proving Trigonometric Identities
Prove each trigonometric identity.
Choose the right-hand side
to modify.
Reciprocal identities.

Simplify.
Ratio identity.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Example 1B: Proving Trigonometric Identities
Prove each trigonometric identity.
1 cot = 1 + cot() Choose the right-hand side
to modify.
Reciprocal identity.
Negative-angle identity.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

= 1 + (cot)

Reciprocal identity.

= 1 cot

Simplify.

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities

Helpful Hint
You may start with either side of the given
equation. It is often easier to begin with the more
complicated side and simplify it to match the
simpler side.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Check It Out! Example 1a
Prove each trigonometric identity.
sin cot = cos
cos
cos = cos

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Choose the left-hand side

to modify.
Ratio identity.
Simplify.

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Check It Out! Example 1b
Prove each trigonometric identity.
1 sec() = 1 sec

Choose the left-hand side

to modify.
Reciprocal identity.
Negative-angle identity.
Reciprocal Identity.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
You can use the fundamental trigonometric
identities to simplify expressions.
Helpful Hint
If you get stuck, try converting all of the
trigonometric functions to sine and cosine
functions.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Example 2A: Using Trigonometric Identities to
Rewrite Trigonometric Expressions
Rewrite each expression in terms of cos ,
and simplify.
sec (1 sin2)
Substitute.
Multiply.
cos

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Simplify.

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Example 2B: Using Trigonometric Identities to
Rewrite Trigonometric Expressions
Rewrite each expression in terms of sin , cos ,
and simplify.
sin cos(tan +
cot)

Substitute.
Multiply.

sin2 + cos2
1
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Simplify.
Pythagorean identity.

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Check It Out! Example 2a
Rewrite each expression in terms of sin , and
simplify.

Pythagorean identity.
Factor the difference of two squares.
Simplify.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Check It Out! Example 2b
Rewrite each expression in terms of sin , and
simplify.
cot2
csc2 1

Pythagorean identity.
Substitute.
Simplify.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Example 3: Physics Application
At what angle will a wooden block on a concrete
incline start to move if the coefficient of friction
is 0.62?
Set the expression for the weight component
equal to the expression for the force of friction.
mg sin = mg cos
sin = cos

Divide both sides by mg.

sin = 0.62 cos

Substitute 0.62 for .

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Example 3 Continued

Divide both sides by cos .

tan = 0.62
= 32

Ratio identity.
Evaluate inverse tangent.

The wooden block will start to move when

the concrete incline is raised to an angle of
about 32.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Check It Out! Example 3
Use the equation mg sin = mg cos to
determine the angle at which a waxed wood
block on a wood incline with = 0.4 begins
to slide.
Set the expression for the weight component
equal to the expression for the force of friction.
mg sin = mg cos
sin = cos

Divide both sides by mg.

sin = 0.4 cos

Substitute 0.4 for .

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Check It Out! Example 3 Continued

Divide both sides by cos .

tan = 0.4
= 22

Ratio identity.
Evaluate inverse tangent.

The wooden block will start to move when

the concrete incline is raised to an angle of
about 22.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Lesson Quiz: Part I
Prove each trigonometric identity.
1. sin sec =

2. sec2 = 1 + sin2 sec2

= 1 + tan2
= sec2

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Fundamental Trigonometric
11-3
Identities
Lesson Quiz: Part II
Rewrite each expression in terms of cos ,
and simplify.
3. sin2 cot2 sec

cos

4.

2 cos

Holt McDougal Algebra 2