Professional Documents
Culture Documents
THE BIPOLAR
TRANSISTOR
Reported by:
Arra May N. Nuez
BIASING
is the method of
establishing predetermined
voltages or current at various
points of an electronic circuit
for the purpose of establishing
proper operating conditions in
electronic components.
is a DC preshift of voltage
and current from the zero
conditions. It feeds the amplifier
devices with the electrical power
to activate them and make them
capable of amplifying signals. To
amplify the signals, the
amplifying devices must be set at
certain DC voltages and currents
called the operating point.
Saturation Region
- Both junctions are Forwardbiased
- Base current is high enough
to give a Collector-Emitter
voltage of 0v resulting in
maximum Collector current
flowing and the device is
switched fully "ON"
PNP Biasing
PNP
Transistors require a
negative voltage at their
Collector terminal with the flow of
current through the emittercollector terminals being holes
Small changes in E causes small
changes in I, produces large
fluctuations in I
Static Current
Amplification
A
H = I/I
Dynamic Current
Amplification
Current
current amplification =
dI/dI
Overdrive
Nonlinearity
The
range of frequencies of a
transistor can be used as an
amplifier.
The amplification factor or gain
decreases as the signal
frequency increases.
Current gain, voltage gain and
power gain can be expressed in
ratios.
Gain bandwidth product ()
- the frequency at which the gain
becomes equal to 1 with
Alpha
Cut-off Frequency
- the frequency at which the gain
becomes 0.707 times its value
when the input signal frequency
is kHz.
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