11-4Sum

11-4
Sumand
andDifference
DifferenceIdentities
Identities

Warm Up
Lesson Presentation
Lesson Quiz

HoltMcDougal
Algebra 2Algebra 2
Holt

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Warm Up
Find each product, if possible.

1. AB

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

2. BA

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Objectives
Evaluate trigonometric expressions by
using sum and difference identities.
Use matrix multiplication with sum and
difference identities to perform
rotations.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Vocabulary
rotation matrix

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Matrix multiplication and sum and difference

identities are tools to find the coordinates of
points rotated about the origin on a plane.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 1A: Evaluating Expressions with Sum and
Difference Identities
Find the exact value of cos 15.
Write 15 as the difference
45 30 because
cos 15 = cos (45 30)
trigonometric values of
45 and 30 are known.
Apply the identity for cos (A B).
= cos 45 cos 30 + sin 45 sin 30
Evaluate.
Simplify.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 1B: Proving Evaluating Expressions with
Sum and Difference Identities
Find the exact value of

.
Write

as the sum of

Apply the identity for

tan (A + B).

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 1B Continued

Evaluate.

Simplify.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 1a
Find the exact value of tan 105.

tan 105= tan(60 + 45)

Write 105 as the sum of

60 + 45 because
trigonometric values of
60 and 45 are known.
Apply the identity for
tan (A + B).

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 1a Continued
Evaluate.
=

Simplify.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 1b
Find the exact value of each expression.
Write

as the sum of
because

trigonometric values of
and
are known.
Apply the identity for
sin (A B).
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 1b Continued
Find the exact value of each expression.
Evaluate.

Simplify.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Shifting the cosine function right radians is
equivalent to reflecting it across the x-axis. A proof
of this is shown in Example 2 by using a difference
identity.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 2: Proving Identities with Sum and
Difference Identities
Prove the identity tan
tan

Choose the left-hand side to

modify.
Apply the identity for tan (A + B).
Evaluate.
Simplify.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 2
Prove the identity

.
Apply the identity for
cos A + B.
Evaluate.

= sin x

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Simplify.

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 3: Using the Pythagorean Theorem with
Sum and Difference Identities
Find cos (A B) if sin A = with 0 < A < and
if tan B =

with 0 < B <

Step 1 Find cos A, cos B, and sin B.

Use reference angles and the ratio
definitions sin A = and tan B = Draw a
triangle in the appropriate quadrant and
label x, y, and r for each angle.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 3 Continued
In Quadrant l (Ql),
0 < A < 90 and
sin A = .

r=3
A
x

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

In Quadrant l (Ql),
0< B < 90 and tan B =

r
y=1
B
x=4

y=3

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 3 Continued

r=3
A

r
y=1

y=3

B
x=4

x2 + 12 = 32
32 + 42 = r2
Thus, cos A =

Thus, cos B =

and sin A =

and sin B =

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 3 Continued
Step 2 Use the angle-difference identity to find
cos (A B).
cos (A B) = cosAcosB + sinA sinB

Apply the identity for

cos (A B).
Substitute
for
cos A, for cos
B, and

cos(A B) =
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Simplify.

for sin B.

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 3
Find sin (A B) if sinA = with 90 < A < 180
and if cosB = with 0 < B < 90.
In Quadrant ll (Ql),
90< A < 180 and
sin A = .

In Quadrant l (Ql),
0< B < 90 and cos B =

r=5
y=4

r=5
A
x

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

B
x=3

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 3 Continued
r=5
y=4

r=5
A
x

x2 + 42 = 52

Thus, sin A =
and cos A =
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

B
x=3

52 32 = y2
Thus, cos B =
and sin B =

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 3 Continued
Step 2 Use the angle-difference identity to find
sin (A B).
sin (A B) = sinAcosB cosAsinB

sin(A B) =
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Apply the identity for

sin (A B).
Substitute for sin
A and sin B, for
cos A, and for
cos B.
Simplify.

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

To rotate a point P(x,y) through an angle use a
rotation matrix.
The sum identities for sine and cosine are used to
derive the system of equations that yields the
rotation matrix.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 4: Using a Rotation Matrix
Find the coordinates, to the nearest hundredth,
of the points (1, 1) and (2, 0) after a 40
rotation about the origin.
Step 1 Write matrices for a 40 rotation and for
the points in the question.
Rotation matrix.
Matrix of point
coordinates.
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Example 4 Continued
Step 2 Find the matrix product.

Step 3 The approximate coordinates of the points

after a 40 rotation are (0.12, 1.41) and
(1.53, 1.29).
Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 4
Find the coordinates, to the nearest hundredth,
of the points in the original figure after a 60
rotation about the origin.
Step 1 Write matrices for a 60 rotation and for
the points in the question.
R60 =

S=

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

Rotation matrix.
Matrix of point
coordinates.

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Check It Out! Example 4 Continued
Step 2 Find the matrix product.
R60 x s =

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Lesson Quiz: Part I
1. Find the exact value of cos 75
2. Prove the identity sin

3. Find tan (A B) for sin A =

cos B =
with 0 <B<

Holt McDougal Algebra 2

= cos

with 0 <A<

and

11-4 Sum and Difference Identities

Lesson Quiz: Part II
4. Find the coordinates to the nearest hundredth
of the point (3, 4) after a 60 rotation about
the origin.

Holt McDougal Algebra 2