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Lecture 5 Optical Amplifier
Prof. Z Ghassemlooy
Contents
Prof. Z Ghassemlooy
Prof. Z Ghassemlooy
Optical Amplification
Amplification gain: Up to a factor of 10,000 (+40 dB)
In WDM: Several signals within the amplifiers gain (G)
bandwidth are amplified, but not to the same extent
It generates its own noise source known as Amplified
Spontaneous Emission (ASE) noise.
Weak signal
Pin
ASE
Optical
Amplifier
(G)
Amplified signal
Pout
ASE
Pump Source
Prof. Z Ghassemlooy
Power
(amplified signal)
Single channel
Power
(unamplified signal)
Wavelength
ASE
Wavelength
Wavelength
Prof. Z Ghassemlooy
Power
(amplified signal)
Power
(unamplified signal)
WDM channels
ASE
Wavelength
7
Prof. Z Ghassemlooy
Problems:
Poor noise performance: they add a lot of noise to the signal!
Matching with the fibre is also a problem!
However, they are small and cheap!
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Pump signal
@ 980 nm
Energy Absorption
Pump signal
@ 980 nm
Ground state
Metastable
state
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Tra
ns
itio
Metastable state
n
Tra
io
sit
Pump signal
@ 980 nm
ASE Photons
1550 nm
Ground state
Excited state
Pump signal
@ 980 nm
Tra
nsi
tio
Signal photon
1550 nm
Metastable state
Stimulated
emission
1550 nm
Ground state
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820
980
Metastable
1480
state
1550 nm
Ground state
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Amplifier length
1-20 m typical
Amplified signal
Cladding
Erbium doped core
Pump from an
external laser
1480 or 980 nm
14
1525 nm
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Gain (dB)
40.8 nm
15
43.5 nm
20
Total 3dB Bandwidth = 84.3 nm
10
10
5
Noise 6.5 dB
Output Power 24.5 dBm
0
1525
Alastair Glass Photonics Research
1550
1575
L-Band
C-Band
1600
Wavelength (nm)
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Gain (Pout/Pin)
Bandwidth
Gain Saturation
Polarization Sensibility
Noise figure (SNRi/SNRo)
Gain Flatness
Types
Based on stimulated emission (EDFA, PDFA, SOA)
Based on non-linearities (Raman, Brillouin)
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Gain (dB)
EDFA
40
30
-20 dBm
-10 dBm
20
10
1520
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-5 dBm
1540
1560
1580
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Gain efficiency
- Measures the gain as a function of input power in dB/mW.
Gain saturation
- Is the value of output power at which the output power no longer increases
with an increase in the input power.
- The saturation power is typically defined as the output power at which
there is a 3-dB reduction in the ratio of output power to input power (the
small-signal gain).
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Optical SNR
For BER < 10-13 the following OSNRs are required:
~ 13 dB for STM-16 / OC-48 (2.5 Gbps)
~ 18 dB for STM-64 / OC-192 (10 Gbps)
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Input Signal
Output Signal
Optical
Isolator
Pump
Pump
22
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Raman Amplifier
Transmission fiber
1450/ 1550 nm
WDM
Transmission fiber
Er
Amplifier
1550 nm signal(s)
1453 nm
pump
Cladding pumped
fiber laser
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Pre-amplifier
- Low noise
-To improve receiver sensitivity
Booster amplifier
- 17 dBm
- TV
LAN booster
amplifier
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