SYSTEM

SYSTEM CONCEPTS
CONCEPTS TO
TO
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION
INFORMATION SYSTEM
SYSTEM

Information

system receives inputs of data,

instructions,and output the results.
The information processing function
includes not only the transformation of data
into information but also the storing of data
for subsequent use.
The basic information processing model is
useful in understanding not only the overall
information processing system but also the
individual information processing
applications.

Contd------

Information processing system has

functional subsystem such as:=) Hardware system.
=) Operating system.
=) Communication system.

The basic information processing

system model.

Contd-----Data

Informatio
n

Processing

Basic model with data storage:Data

Storage

Inputs

Processing

Outputs

Fuctional subsystem and application

subsystem in information system
Application subsystem
hardware
Order entry and billing
application
subsystem
makes use
of functional
payroll and personnel
subsystem.

marketing management

utility
software

ooperating
data
system
commu.

database
ystem

The information system can

be divided into five major
subsystem:SUBSYSTEM
1.Hardware and system

software.
2.Management and information.

3.Operations.

DESCRIPTIONs
The computer hardware and the system
software necessary for hardware operation .

Planning,Budgeting,Staffing,
Training,Evaluation and other mgt funcs.
Operation of the computer facilities in prossing application.

4.Application system development and

The development of new application sysem and maintenance of existing system.

maintenance.
5.Appilication system.

The system which perform activities necessary to process transaction,updata data,

produce output etc.

Subsystem for information

system:

Hardware and system software

:-subsystem not shown.

Management and administration

:- planning.
staffing.
performance
evaluation
resource
accountability.

Operations
processing operations
-System resource use.
-Program and data media library.
- Processing control
-S ystem software maintnance.
-Hardware maintenance.

Contd
Availability operations.
:-Security.
Backup and recovery .

Application

system developement and maintenance.

Application system development

Application system design and implementation.
File/database design.
Application system maintenance.
Modification and maintenance of application system.
Modification and maintenance of file/database designs.

Application

system.

Data capture/transaction origin.

Input.
Data Transaction.
Transaction processing.
Update of data.
Retrieval of data.
Output/report preparation and distribution.
Output/report use.

System analysis and

design
The followig systems concept must be applied in
developing information system project:-system should be defind priorly.
-Responsibility should be assigned.
-Subsystems should be defined.
-Boundaries and interfaces are carefully specified.
-Development schedule should be prepared.
-Control system should be used to monitor the
development processes.

Use of subsystem in information system

design:

Informatioon system can be described as a hierarchy of

subsystems.
The structured design approach encourages definition of
subsystems from the top down at each level of the
hierarchy.
This allows development personnel to clearly define the
objectives of each subsystem and provide checkpoints for
its accomplishments.
The concept of block box is also useful when subsystem
,boundaries, and interfaces are being designed.
For example when designing an order entry system ,credit
checking may be viewed as a black box and not
defined in terms of the rules for deciding whether a
customer can be given credit .it is defined as to input and
output .
Later in the development process a system analyst is

Decoupling of information
system:

In information system design,emphasis is

placed on the basis decoupling of subsystem
is as independent as possible.
This enhances the the adaptability of the
system by permitting isolation of the impact
of potential changes on the system.
In other words ,the more decoupled (or
loosely coupled) the system ,the easier to
modify a subsystem without affecting the rest
of the system .
Ease of maintenance and assurance of errorfree code for important goals of design.

Contd

Decoupling can be achieved by defining subsystem

so that each perform a single complete function
;thus connection between subsystem are minimized.
For instance in order entry,credit checking is done
in only one subsystem and credit information is only
required by that module.
Another method of decoupling is minimizing the the
degree of interconnection.
The concept of decoupling is also useful to the
overall design information system and the human
machine interface.example of inventories or buffer
slack resources and standards.

THANK
THANKYOU
YOU

BY:OM
PRAKASH
JHA
(PUNE UNIVERSITY)