P O N D A S I

PONDASI BANGUNAN GEDUNG :

1. PONDASI DANGKAL
a. Telapak/setempat
b. Jalur satu arah
c. Jalur dua arah
d. Telapak penuh
2. PONDASI DALAM
a. Tiang Pancang
b. Pondasi Sumuran (Bore pile)

1. PONDASI DANGKAL
a.

Pondasi Telapak/Setempat
Pelat pondasi

Sloof / tie beam

b.
Pelat pondasi

Pondasi Jalur Satu Arah

Balok pondasi

Sloof / tie beam

c. Pondasi Jalur Dua Aarah :

Pelat pondasi

Balok pondasi

d.

Pondasi telapak penuh (mat fuondation)

Pelat popndasi

Balok pondasi

DETAIL PONDASI
1. Pondasi Dangkal
a. Pondasi Setempet/Telapak
POTONGAN MELINTANG
Sloof / tie beam
Kolom

t
B
Keterangan :
H

B = Lebar pelat pondasi

H = Panjang pelat pondasi
t = Tebal pelat pondasi

b. Pond. Jalur satu arah

Pelat pondasi

Balok pondasi

Sloof / tie beam

Kolom

POTONGAN MEMANJANG

Sloof / tie beam

POTONGAN MELINTANG

Pelat pondasi

c. Pond. Jalur dua arah

Balok pondasi
Pelat pondasi

POTONGAN MEMANJANG

Balok pondasi

POTONGAN MELINTANG

d. Pond. Telapak penuh

Balok pondasi

POTONGAN MEMANJANG

Balok pondasi

POTONGAN MELINTANG

FOOTINGS
1. INTRODUCTON
Footings and other foundation units transfer loads from the
structure to the soil or rock supporting the structure. Because
the soil is generally much weaker than the concrete columns
and walls that must be supported, the contact area between
the soil and the footing is much larger than that between the
supported member and the footing.
Sometimes spread footings have pedestals, are stepped, or
are
tapered to save materials.
A pile cap transmits the column load to a series of piles,
which, in turn, transmit the load to a strong soil layer at some
depth below the surface.

The more common

types of footings
are illustrated in
the following
Figores :

SOIL PRESSURE UNDER FOOTINGS

The distribution of soil pressure under a footing is a
function of the type of soil and the relative rigidity
of the soil and the foundation pad.
A concrete footing on sand will have a pressure
distribution similar to Fig. 15-2a. The sand near the
edges of the footing tends to displace laterally
when the footing is loaded, causing a decrease in
soil pressure near the edges.
The pressure distribution under a footing on clay is
similar to Fig. 15-2b. As the footing is loaded, the
soil under the footing deflects in a bowl-shaped
depression, relieving the pressure under the middle
of the footing

Pig : 15 -2

Pig : 15 - 3

Design Methods
Allowable Stress Design
There are two different philosophies for the design of
footings [15-1], [15-2]. The first is allowable stress
design. Almost exclusively, footing design is based
on the allowable stresses acting on the soil at
unfactored or service loads. For a concentrically
loaded spread footing,
Ps qaA

(15-1)

Where
Ps : is the specified (unfactored) load acting on the footing.
qa : is the allowable stress for the soil given by Eq. (15-3),
presented in the next subsection.
A : is the area of the footing in contact with the soil.

Limit-States Design
The second design philosophy is a limit-states design
based on factored loads and factored
resistances, given by
Rn Ps
(15-2)
Where :
: is a resistance factor to account for the variability of the
load-resisting mechanism of the soil under the footing.
Rn : is the engineers best estimate of the resistance of the soil
under the footing.
: is a load factor.
Ps : is the specified load acting on the soil at the base of the
footing.
Current estimates of values for shallow footings are as follows:
Vertical resistance, = 0.5
Sliding resistance dependent on friction, with cohesion equal to zero,
= 0.8
Sliding resistance dependent on cohesion, with friction equal to zero,
= 0.6

Elastic Distribution of Soil Pressure under a Footing

The soil pressure under a footing is calculated by assuming
linearly elastic action in compression, but no tensile strength
across the contact between the footing and the soil. If the
column load is applied at, or near, the middle of the footing,
as shown in Fig. 15-4, the stress, q, under the footing is :

q = P/A M y/I
where
P = vertical load, positive in compression
A = of the contact surface between the soil and the footing
I = Momen of inertia of this area
M= moment about the centroidal axis of the footing area
y = distance from the centroidal axis to the point where the
stresses are being calculated

2.

PONDASI DALAM
a. Tiang Pancang

Kolom

b. Pond. Sumuran
(Bore pile)
Kolom

Pile cap

Tiang pancang
(pile)

Pile cap

Pond. Sumuran
(bore pile)

ANAALISA STRUKTUR PONDASI

a. Pondasi Telapak
Pu

Menentukan Dimensi Telapak

Mu

tu = Pu/A Mu/W t

t
B

= Pu/BxH 6Mu/BH2 t

b
H

qef.
Bid. M

Bid. L

tu merupakan beban tanah

yang bekerja pada telapak
pondasi akibat tekanan
tanah efektif qef , yang
besarnya :
qef = tu bs.pond. bs.tnh.urg
Mu = qef {(B b)}2
Du = qef {(B b)}
Du kritis pada jarak t dari as kolom

Menghitung Tulangan Telapak Pond.

1.

Tulangan Momen :
Diambil struk 1 m lebar
Mn = Mu/
1m

Mn = A s f y d

1 As fy
1,7 b d fc

dimana :
1m

d = t d dan b = 1 m
Didapat As
Diameter tulangan D
luas per tulangan = D2
n tul. = As/ D2
n dipasang pada 1 m lebar pelat pond.

2.

Tulangan Geser :
D = Vu Vn Vn = Vu/

b0/4

Vn = Vc + Vs

hc

b0/4

SKSN T-15-1991-03 :
Vc = (1+c)(fc/6)b0d (fc/3)b0d

d/2

Vs = (Asv fy d)/s

Dimana :

bc

Asv : Luas tulangan geser

: jarak tulangan geser

: t d (d= tebal efektif

telapak pond).

c : rasio sisi panjang terhadap

sisi pendek panamp. Kolom
b0 = keliling penampang yang

b. Pondasi Jalur :

2 x L/2 = L

Pu

Mu
Pelat pondasi

Balok pondasi

t
B

Tinjau atau ambil bagian

sepanjang 2 x L/2 = L

tn = Pu/A Mu/W tn
=

qef

Pu

BxL

Mu

1/6 B2H

qef = tn (bs pond. + bs. Tn urg)

Perhitungan Tulangan Pondasi

qef

qef

Mu

Mu

Lu

Lu

Pada balok pondasi :

qef yang bekerja pada balok pondasi = qef
qef = qef x B [kg/m]

Pada pelat pond.

Mu = qef(b-h)2
Lu = qef(b-h)