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Regional Geography of Asean Countries,

Class 2015
Made by : Febriani Yosina
Sibi
(11/313401/GE/07014

Lecturer : Dr. Rini


Rachmawati, M.T

Capital

Hanoi (Ha Noi)

Government
Type

Communist state

Currency

VND

Population

92,477,857

Total Area

127,880 Square Miles


331,210 Square Kilometers

Location

Southeastern Asia, bordering


the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of
Tonkin, and South China Sea,
as well as China, Laos, and
Cambodia

Language

Vietnamese (official), English


(as a second language), some
French, Chinese, and Khmer;
mountain area languages (MonKhmer and MalayoPolynesian)

GEOGRAPHY & LOCATION


Vietnam is in the shape of the
letter S and is located in the heart
of Southeast Asia.
It is bordered by China to the
north, Laos and Cambodia to the
west, and the South China Sea to
the east. Vietnam has a 3,260 km
long coastline and a 4,510 km long
land border.
The land is mainly hilly,
mountainous, and densely forested
with tropical forests, and level land
only covers about 20% of the total
land mass. Vietnam has a unique
culture, long associated with the
history and development of the
nation.

TOPOGRAPHY & CLIMATE


The topography consists of hills
and
mountains
densely
forested, with lowland covering
no more than 20%. Mountains
account for 40% of the total
area of Vietnam, with smaller
hills accounting for 40% and
42% of tropical forests.
Northern part consists mostly of
mountains and the Red River
Delta. Phan Xi Pang, located in
Lao Cai province, is the highest
mountain in Vietnam as high as
3,143 m (10 312 ft).
South divided into low Datran
seaside, Annamite Chain peaks,
extensive forests, and poor soil.
Consists of 5 plateau basalt soil
the
averages,
mountains
account for 16% of the arable
land (= land suitable for

Vietnam is entirely located in the


tropical belt lying between the
equator and the Tropic of Cancer.
While there are slight variations in
temperature, depending on the
season and the altitude, the primary
seasonal changes are marked by
variations in rainfall.
In the north, the rainy season extends
from mid-April to mid-October;
During the rainy season, the average
temperature in Hanoi is about 30c
(86 f).
The south is more tropical;
temperatures in Ho Chi Minh City vary
only from 1833c (6491f)
throughout the year.
The rainy season extends from early
May to November, with annual rainfall
averaging about 200 cm (79 in) in
lowland regions.
The typhoon season lasts from July

Natural Resources
Oil and Gas
Vietnams potential crude oil reserves in the southern offshore area
stand at about 270 million tons and are likely to increase
substantially with continued exploration.
Vietnam has potential non-associated gas reserves of more than 360
billion cubic meters. Proven associated gas reserves are on the order
of 57 billion cubic meters.
Mineral Resources
Vietnams primary coal resource, anthracite, is concentrated in
Quang Ninh Province in the Northeast. It has potential recoverable
reserves of 7-8 billion tons of which 600 million tons are shallow
(within a depth of 100 meters). The country also has an abundance
of other minerals, including bauxite, iron ore, copper, gold, precious
stones, tin, chromate, apatite, and building materials such as
granite, marble, clay, silica sand, and graphite.
Other Resources
Vietnam is also very rich in other natural resources including
significant hydropower (10,000 MW), marine resources, tropical

POPULATION
The population of Vietnam in 2005 was estimated by the United
Nations (UN) at 83,305,000, which placed it at number 13 in population
among the 193 nations of the world. In 2005, approximately 7% of the
population was over 65 years of age, with another 29% of the
population under 15 years of age. There were 100 males for every 100
females in the country.
ETHNIC GROUPS
About 8590% of the population of the SRV is composed of ethnic
Vietnamese. The racial origins of the Vietnamese are obscure,
although many scholars believe they represent a mixture of
Australoid peoples who lived in mainland Southeast Asia during the
Stone Age with Mongoloid peoples who migrated into the area from
southern China.
RELIGIONS
The dominant religious belief was Buddhism; however, many believers
practice a mixture of Mahayana Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism,
sometimes called Vietnam's "Triple Religion." Though 50% of the
population is nominally Buddhist, the government Office of Religious
Affairs estimates that only 11% of the population are practicing
Buddhists. Like many Asian peoples, the Vietnamese also practice spirit
worship, a form of religious belief that was particularly prevalent among

GOVERNMENT
The Communist Party-controlled government of Vietnam has
ruled under four state constitutions. The first was promulgated in
1946, the second in 1960, the third in 1980, and the fourth in
1992.
Vietnam is divided into 59 provinces
(tinh), and five municipalities (thu
do)Can Tho, Da Nang, Hanoi,
Haiphong, and Ho Chi Minh Cityall
administered by the national
government. Districts, towns, and
villages are governed by locally
elected people's councils. Council
candidates are screened by the party.

ECONOMY
Wet-rice agriculture is the most
important segment of the Vietnamese
economy. Approximately 65% of the
workforce is engaged in agriculture.
While agriculture has continued
growth, transforming Vietnam from a
net importer 15 years ago into the
second-largest exporter of rice,
industry has grown even faster.
Industry in 2005 accounted for 40.9%
of
GDP,
services
38.1%,
and
agriculture 21%. The most diversified
area in Southeast Asia in terms of
mineral resources, Vietnam is well
endowed with coal, tin, tungsten,
gold, iron, manganese, chromium,
and antimony. Foods, garments,
shoes, machines, cement, chemical
fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, coal, steel,
and paper are the main industrial
products. Most of the nation's mineral

Vietnam's main exports include


crude oil, seafood, rice, shoes,
wooden
products,
machinery,
electronics, coffee, and clothing.
Between 1975 and the late 1980s,
Vietnam traded mainly with other
communist countries, but since
the collapse of the Soviet Union in
1990, it has expanded trade with
other nations.

CULTURE
Vietnam has a unique culture, long associated
with the history and development of the nation.
Historians agree on this point: Vietnam had a
fairly large cultural community called the Dong
Son community that was formed around the first
half of the first millennium BC and flourished in
the middle of this millennium.
Vietnam Traditional Clothing called Ao Dai and
people use it when the special event like The
Wedding, Imlek or The Country Festival .

VIETNAM TOURISM
Vietnam possesses a number of historic and scenic areas of
interest to tourists. In the north, the beauty of Ha Long Bay,
with its countless grottoes and rock spits jutting vertically
into the sea, is well known. Hanoi itself, with its historical
monuments, its lakes and pagodas, and its extensive French
colonial architecture, is extremely picturesque. Hotel facilities
are improving in the larger areas and in some resorts.
In 1986 and 1987, the government made plans to expand
international and domestic airline service, double hotel
capacity in the major cities, simplify the complicated visa
restrictions, and grant shore leave passes to passengers on
cruise ships stopping at Vietnamese ports.
As a result of these measures, tourism grew rapidly. From
20,000 tourists in 1986, visitor arrivals rose to 450,000 in
1992 and 1,715,637 in 1997. In 2000, about 2,140,000
foreign visitors arrived in Vietnam. That year there were
66,700 hotel rooms with 120,800 beds and an occupancy
rate of 50%. All visitors need visas and must register with the
government within 48 hours of arrival.
In 2005, the US Department of State estimated the cost of

TERIMA
KASIH

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