Bioetika

Devisi Bioetika dan Humaniora

Medical Education Unit
Fakultas Kedokteran USU
2008

RELEVANSI

Skm gatra

Sukma Ayus (movie star) case

medical futility, similar with Karen Quinlan case

head-line Warta Kota, 6 Februari 2005

ATTITUDE

DOKTER

KNOWLEDGE

SKILL

5 STARS
DOCTOR

Care provider
Decision Maker
Communicator
Community Leader
Manager

Objektif,

Dokter yang memiliki kompetensi etika :

Attitude; sikap, perilaku, tindakan
Skill; keterampilan manual, keterampilan intelektual
Knowledge; pengetahuan, pemikiran, konsep
Experience; pengalamam, jam terbang, track record
Responsibility; tanggung jawab, disiplin
Accountibility; jaminan mutu

Bioethics :
a field of study concerned with the ethics and
philosophical implications of certain biological
and medical procedures, technologies,
and treatments, as organ transplants,
genetic engineering, and care of the terminally ill.

ETIKA KEDOKTERAN

Etika terapan merupakan pedoman dan

rambu-rambu moral bagi perilaku etis dokter
dalam hubungan dengan pasien
(kini dikenal sebagai etika klasik)

Sesudah tahun 1960-an masuk tahap baru

dalam perkembangan nilai-nilai etika medis- era bioetika sebagai akibat revolusi
bioteknologi dan biomedis---BIOETIKA /
ETIKA BIOMEDIS

Bioethics History
Nama Bioethics untuk pertama kali digunakan oleh
peneliti kanker Amerika
Van Rensselaer Potter, University of Wisconsin.
**bukunya : Bioethics: Bridge to the Future

Ia menekankan tanggung jawab para ahli biologi

dalam menjamin kelangsungan kehidupan di bumi ini
dan dalam menciptakan syarat-syarat untuk
meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan.

Tapi ia belum terjun dalam analisis etika.

Yang melontarkan bioetika sebagai suatu bidang

intelektual dan akademis yang khusus adalah:
(1)

Hastings Center (1969)

di Hastings-on-the Hudson, NY., kini: Garrison, NY.

(2)

Kennedy Institute (1971)

Georgetown University, Washington D.C.
sponsor: keluarga Kennedy

Globalisasi Bioetika

**Fenomena Amerika ini meluas ke Eropa

Banyak Pusat Bioetika, mis. Barcelona (1975)

**1985: European Association for Centres of Medical

Ethics
**1992: International Association for Bioethics (Peter
Singer ketua pertama)
mengadakan konges setiap dua tahun
Jurnal resmi: Bioethics; sejak 2001 juga:
Developing World Bioethics

Dan Brock, Brown University (1999):

Bioethics concerns the ethical issues arising in medicine
and from advances in biological science.
There are 3 central areas:
1.
Relations between health care
professionals and
patients
2.
Justice in the allocation of health care
3.
Issues that arise from dramatic advances in biological
knowledge and technology

* Bioetika adalah perluasan dari etika kedokteran yang

tradisional

Etika kedokteran memfokuskan hubungan dokter-pasien

Tema-tema tradisional tetap penting tapi
sekarang dalam konteks modern:
di satu pihak demokratisasi dan hak-hak pasien (kritik
atas paternalisme)
di lain pihak pelayanan medis yang teknologis dan
anonym (tim medis) + biaya tinggi

Tema-tema yang paling penting berasal

dari perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi
biomedis:
dari definisi baru tentang kematian
sekitar 1967 (brain death)
sampai dengan penelitian embryonic
stem cells dan cloning sekarang ini.

What is bioethics ?

Ethics is the study of morality careful and

systematic reflection on and analysis of moral
decisions and behavior, whether past, present or
future.

Morality is the value dimension of human decisionmaking and behavior. The language of morality
includes good or bad, right and wrong, etc.

According this definitions, Ethics is primally a matter

of knowing whereas morality is a matter of doing.

What is bioethics ?

Medical ethics is the branch of ethics that deals with

moral issues in medical practice.

Bioehics can be defined as the study of ethical

issues and decision-making assosiated with the use
of living organism.

Medical ethics focuses primarily on issues arising out

of the practice of medicine, bioethics is a very broad
subject that is concerned with the moral issues
raised by developments in the biological sciences
more generally.

Bioethics is genus and medical ethics is species.

Why study medical ethics ?

Bioethics ( area 7 ) is the basic of all

competencies

The study of ethics prepares medical

students to recognize difficult situations
and to deal with them in a rational and
principled manner.

Whats special about medicine ?

Many physicians feel that they are no

longer as respected as they once were.

To meet the expectation of both

patients and students, it is important
that physicians know and exemplify the
core values of medicine

Whats special about medical

ethics ?

Medical ethics differs from the general

ethics applicable to everyone by being
publicly professed in oath such as the
WMA Declaration of Geneva.

Who decides what is ethical ?

Therefore varies from one society to another

and even within the same society.

I liberal societies, individuals have a great deal

of freedom to decide for themselves what is
ethical.

In more traditional societies, family and clan

elders, religious authorities and political leaders
usually have a greater role than individuals in
determining what is ethical.

In making decisions, it is helpful to know what

other physicians would do in similar situation

when people bring us their pr

they are often asking not for
but for understanding

Thank Yo