Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DPB3013
Topic 1
Elements Of Management
Introduction To Management
Every organizations need to establish
several goals and objectives in order to
continue competing and existing in the
industry.
Good management practices are the
key in determining the success and
failure of an organization.
Definiton Of Management
In modern management, the term management can be
interpereted from several different aspect as a:
a) Process
b) Discipline
c) Individuals
d) Career
) Management as a process involves several work activities
and functions that must be followed and completed by
managers in order to achieve organizational goals.
Managers must use management principles to guide
them in carrying out the management process.
management
skills
in
Classical Approach
A. Scientific Management Theory
) an approach that advocated that importance of conducting
scientific studies on working methods with the purpose or
improving employee efficiency.
Frederick W. Taylor ( 1856- 1915)
) as the Father of Scientific Management
) studied the relationship between employees and the jobs
designed to be performed by the employee
Frank Gilbreth ( 1868- 1924) and Lilian Gilbreth ( 1878- 1972)
) research of time and motion study
) The objectives of the study are:
. to analyse each work movement made by the employee
. To identify methods to perform a task and eliminate
unnecessary
Middle
Stage
(
1930-1945)
Hawthorne studies
i.
) conducted by Elton Mayo
) To investigate the behavioral and human aspects at
Hawthorne ( Chicago) Work at The Western Electric
Company
for
Physiological Need
Need refers to the basic need that enables humans to stay
alive examples food, drinks, oxygen, clothing and sleep.
Safety needs
Required to protect human from dangerous threats to life
and to the body such as loss of jobs, food and shelter.
Social needs
Refer to an individuals desire to from friendship and gain
recognition from individuals, including giving and receiving
love.
Esteem needs
Apart from fulfilling the need of being accepted by other
people, human also like respected, appreciated and
honored.
Self- actualization
Located at the highest level in Maslows Hierarchy of need.
This need is an individuals desire to become a useful
person according to his ability to minimize potential and
achievie his dreams.
in
System theory
Contingency theory
Managers
Definition of manager
Manager are the most expensive basic resources in most
businesses. Organizations generally take several years to from
a strong management team.
Characteristic of successful managers.
a) Practice open communication.
b) Set clear direction.
c) Establish objective recognition.
d) Provide guidance and support to employees.
e) Design and monitor a control system.
Responsibility of manager.
f) As a functional manager.
g) As a general manager.
h) As a project manager.
Management Levels
The levels of managers in an organization are as follows:
Managerial Skills
According to Robert L. Katz, managers are required to have
three types of skills to perform their duties effectively.
a. Technical skills
b. Human skills
c. Conceptual skills
) The roles of managers are to create interpersonal
relationships, to Disseminate information, and to make
decisions.
) In creating interpersonal relationship, the specific roles of
managers are as follows:
a) Figurehead
b) Leader
c) Public relation officer
In disseminating information,
roles managers are as follows:
the
specific
a) Observer
b) Disseminator information
c) Spokesperson
) In making decision, the specific roles of
managers :
a) Entrepreneur
b) Disturbance Handler
c) Resources Allocator
d) Negotiator.