By Mr. Manoj Kumar Elipey Assistant professor Vardhaman College Of Engineering
A Steam turbine is a prime mover in
which rotary motion is obtained by gradual change of momentum of the steam. In steam turbine, the force exerted on the blades is due to the velocity of steam. This is due to the fact that the curved blades by changing the direction of steam receive a force or impulse. The action of steam in this case is said to be dynamic. Thus, the dynamic pressure of steam rotates the vanes, buckets or blades directly. The turbine blades are curved in such a way that steam directed upon them enters without
In general steam turbine consists of the following
parts 1. The nozzle in which heat energy of high pressure steam is converted into kinetic energy ,so that the steam issues from the nozzle with a very high velocity. 2. The blades which change the direction of steam issuing from the nozzle, so that a force acts on the blades due to change of momentum and propel them. Thus, the basic principle of operation of a steam turbine is the generation of high velocity steam jet by the expansion of high pressure steam and then conversion of kinetic energy, so obtains into mechanical work on rotor blades.
The steam turbines may be classified
into the following types 1. According to the mode of steam action i. Impulse turbine ii. Reaction turbine 2. According to the direction of steam flow i. Axial flow turbine ii. Radial flow turbine 3. According to the exhaust condition of steam i. Condensing turbine
4. According to the pressure of steam
i. High pressure turbine ii. Medium pressure turbine iii. Low pressure turbine 5. According to number of stages i. Single stage turbine ii. Multistage stage turbine
Impulse turbines
An impulse turbine, as the name indicates,
is a turbine which runs by the impulse of steam jet. In this turbine, the steam is first made to flow through a nozzle. Then the steam jet impinges on the turbine blades (which are curved like buckets) and are mounted on the circumference of the wheel. The steam jet after impinging glides over the concave surface of the blades and finally leave the turbine
A De-Level turbine is the simplest
type of impulse steam turbine, and is commonly used. It has the following components 1. Nozzle 2. Runner and blades 3. casing
Thermal energy of steam is converted to kinetic energy
in turbine nozzle. Kinetic energy to be converted to blade become mechanical energy and transferred through rotor, shaft and coupling to the load. Enthalpy drop is high for each moving blades Curtis turbine contain 1 row of nozzle for 2 row of impulse blades Rateau turbine contain 1 row of nozzle for 1 row of impulse blades, can be 1 pair up to several pair.