GENETICS

AIM: HOW DOES OUR DNA DETERMINE WHAT WE

LOOK LIKE?

DO NOW: Describe the processes of transcription and

translation. Where does the transcription take place?
What are the structures involved in transcription?
Where does translation take place? What is the
structure(s) involved in translation? What is the final
outcome of both processes?
AGENDA
- Do Now
- Do Now
Review
- Mini Lesson
- Snork
10 MINUTES
Activity

Look at the person sitting to your left

and the person sitting to your right. List
all of the things that make them different
from you.
Height
Eye Color
Skin Color
Hair Type
Facial Features
WHAT MAKES US ALL DIFFERENT?

3 MINUTES

WHAT MAKES US ALL DIFFERENT?

We are all made up of
DIFFERENT PROTEINS which
determine the structure of
our bodies

What are proteins?

PROTEINS are long chains of
amino acids that REGULATES
(controls) the processes
that take place in our body
and gives us our traits.

EXAMPLES OF PROTEINS
HORMONES: Chemical
messengers.
ENZYMES: Helps speed up
chemical reactions by
synthesizing and breaking
down.
ANTIBODIES: Help us fight
pathogens.
HEMOGLOBIN: Found in our
Red Blood Cells.
MELANIN: Determines hair,
eye and skin color.

INSULIN : A type of
hormone made of 51
amino acids

HEMOGLOBIN : over
140 amino acids;
carries the oxygen.

DNA
DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC
ACID): the set of instructions
for making proteins.

Where is DNA found?

DNA is tightly wound into

structures called
CHROMOSOMES.

DNA

Humans have a total number of 46

chromosomes in EACH of their body calls; 23
from MOM and 23 from DAD.

DNA: THE BLUEPRINT FOR LIFE

ORGANIC
DNA is an ___________________
compound. It is a
polymer (many single parts put together) mad
up of many subunits called NUCLEOTIDES (A T
G C)
DNA is a 2-stranded structure that spirals
to form a double helix.

CHECK FOR UNDESTANDING

WHICH IS THE
BIGGEST (with the
exception of the
cell)
?
THE NUCLEUS
WHICH IS THE
SMALLEST?
THE GENE
GENES ARE THE INSTRUCTIONS FORPROTEINS
MAKING..?

THE NUCLEOTIDES
There are FOUR
different types of
nucleotide bases.
The bases are
attached to the
strands of DNA.
The bases on the two
ADENINE
(A) always
pairs
with
strands
of DNA
form
THYMINE
(T)pairs
base
GUANINE (G) always pairs with
CYTOCINE (C)A --- T
G --- C

PAIRING PRACTICE

DRAW THE COMPLIMENTARY STRAND FOR THIS

SEQUENCE OF DNA

PAIRING PRACTICE

DRAW THE
COMPLIMENTARY
STRAND FOR
BOTH SEQUENCES
OF DNA
This is an example
of DNA replication
DNA replication:
the process of
producing an
identical DNA

MESSENGER RNA
In order for DNA to get the
instructions for making
proteins out into the
cytoplasm, it must make a
messenger. This messenger
is known as messenger
RNA (ribonucleic acid). The
process of creating a
segment od RNA using a
segment of DNA is called
TRANSCRIPTION

MESSENGER RNA
Unlike DNA, MESSENGER RNA
(mRNA) is single stranded and
small. Being single stranded
allows mRNA to leave the
nucleus.
The nucleotide bases in
RNA are ADENINE (A),
CYTOSINE (C) GUANINE
(G), and URACIL (U)
A---U
G---C
WHAT ARE THE NUCLEOTIDE
BASES IN DNA ?

PAIRING PRACTICE

DRAW THE COMPLIMENTARY STRAND FOR THIS

SEQUENCE OF RNA
A

PAIRING PRACTICE

DRAW THE COMPLIMENTARY STRAND FOR THIS

SEQUENCE OF RNA

C U C

C G A U
G A U C

G C

C U

C G A A

TRANSCRIPATION PRACTICE
1. REPLICATE THE STRAND OF DNA BELOW BY
DRAWIING THE COMPLIMENTARY BASE PAIRS.

A T G A A T T G C C T G A T C A T G C A
T A C T T A T C G G A C T A G T A C G T
2. TRANSCRIBE THE NEW STRAND OF DNA INTO A
STRAND OF RNA

A U G A A U A G C C U G A U C A U G C A

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
Every three mRNA bases is equal
to one codon. One codon codes for
one amino acid. The process of
making amino acid chains out of
mRNA is called TRANSLATION
How many codons are in the
mRNA sequence below?

A U G A A U A G C C U G A U C A U G
How many amino acids does this sequence of
mRNA code for?

TRANSCRIPTION VS TRANSLATION
TRANSCRIPTION: the process by which information
in a strand of DNA is copies into mRNA.
TRANSLATION: the process by which proteins are
synthesized using information in a strand of mRNA

C comes before L in the

alphabet!

USING THE CODON CHART

we use codon charts and
codons to identify amino
acids.
What is a codon?
Lets say our codon is
AUU and we are looking
for the corresponding
amino acid.
1. Find the first base
2. Find the second base
3. Find the third base
4. Identify the amino
acid. Ile

USING THE CODON CHART

Use the following
codons and the
codon chart to
identify
amino acids.
UUC PHE
CGU ARG
AGG ARG
GGG GLY
GAU ASP

SNORK ACTIVITY

: MET-VALSER-LYS =
HAIRY

EXIT TICKET
1. Where does translation occur?
2. Summarize what takes place in translation
3. What process must occur BEFORE translation in
order to produce mRNA?
4. What is a stop codon?
5. Why is it necessary?
6. What is the final product of translation?

10 MINUTES

MAKING CONNECTIONS LAB

CLASS RESULTS: AVERAGE PULSE RATES
PULSE
RATE PER
MINUTE
(RANGE OF
AVERAGES
)

<51

NUMBER 0
OF
STUDENTS
IN THIS
RANGE

5160

61-70 71-80

81-90

>90

UMBER OF STUDENTS IN EAC RANGE

HISTOGRAM TITLE:

AVERAGE PULSE RATE RANGE