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Cracking
A presentation by :
Niteesh Kumar Vats
ME, Chemical Engg.
IISc Bangalore
Cracking
Need for
cracking
Less
valuable
products
Cracking
More useful
& valuable
products
Naphtha?
Historical
Present
Sources of naphtha
*source- origbouk.ru/products.html
Hi
sto
r
Vladmir Shukov
modified in
1908
William Burton
In 1934 factory of Shukhov
cracking process established
at Baku, USSR.
Naphtha cracking
Petroleum
industry
Hydrocracki
ng
Petrochemical
industry
Steam
cracking
The worldwide
demand and
production of
olefins
Chemistry of steam
cracking
Initiation
Propagatio
n
C+
etc.
Terminati
on
etc.
Energy
Energy
required loss
pyrolysis
65%
75%
fractionati
15%
25%
on and
compressi
on
recovery
20%
15%
section
Pyrolysis section
Naphtha
Pyrolysis
furnace
750-900
Transfer line
exchange
(producing
steam)
300
Cracked gas
Products from
separation section
Separati
on
section
Ethylene
(24%)
Propylene(20
%)
Butadiene(3
%)
BTX(1%)
Petroleum
ether(25%)
Membran
es
Alternative technologies
Hydropyrolysis of
naphtha
zeolite
Catalytic
cracking of
naphtha
Energy
1st way:
Activation Energy
without catalysts
Energy saving!
Energy required in a pyrolysis furnace
In the case of conventional steam cracking
Energy required in a reactor In the case of
catalytic cracking technologies
Activation Energy
with catalysts
Thermodynamic
Energy requirement
Naphtha
Progress of Cracking Process
2nd way:
selectivity of
catalyst
3rd way:
Removal of coke
Conclusion
Plenty of room for energy savings is
possible in steam cracking. And Catalytic
cracking technologies can lead to energy
saving up to 20%.
90% chemical
processes already
benefits from
catalysis,
so can steam
cracking!
References
Olefins from conventional and heavy
feedstock's: Energy use in steam cracking
and alternative processes. Energy 31
(2006) 425-251
By (2006).
Tao Ren,The
Martin
Patel,
James. G. Speight
Chemistry
Kornelis
Blok
and Technology
of Petroleum (4th ed.). CRC
Press.
Dr. Ram Prasad (2010). Petroleum refining
Technology (1st edition). Khanna publishers