PRIMARY

SOURCES OF
SHARIAH

AL-QURAN

INTRODUCTION
Literal meaning : Qa Ra 'A (

) Reading or Recitation

Technical meaning : Book containing words of Allah revealed

to Prophet SAW in Arabic via Angel Gabriel, transmitted to
us by tawatur and its recitation is considered as an act of
ibadah.
Al-Quran is divided into 114 chapters and 30 sections
First revelation is al-'Alaq : 1-5
Last revelation is al-Ma'idah : 3

INTRODUCTION
The contents of Quran are not subject classified.
For example, the commandment of prayer appears in Surah
Baqara in the middle of other verses relate to subject of
divorce (228-248).
To show Quran is comprehensive and indivisible, and must be
accepted and implemented entirely.
Quran is the main and primary source of Islamic law.
Quran is not a legal document, as less than one tenth of 6200
verses in Quran relate to law and jurisprudence.

Distinctive Features of the AlQuran

It is the actual word of Allah; the wording and meaning of alQurn was revealed for the benefit of all mankind.
The Qurn was revealed in Arabic language.
The Qurn
(mutawtir).

was

transmitted

with

continuous

testament

The Qurn is Allahs eternal miracle revealed to the Prophet

Muhammad (pbuh) for all succeeding generations.
It is complete and comprehensive.

The Makkan And Madinan

Revelation
The importance
chapters.

of

knowing

about

Makkan

and

Madinan

The Quran was revealed in two different periods of the

Prophets (s.a.w) life in Makkah and Madinah.
Those verses which were sent down to Rasullulah before the
Hijrah to Madinah are called Makki Ayaat.
Those verses which were sent down after the Hijrah are
called Madani.
A Surah has been labelled as Makki or Madani according to
the majority of verses that were revealed in Makkah or
Madinah.

THE
CHARACTERISTIC
S OF MAKKI AND
MADANI

MAKKI

Any surah that contains an Ayat starts

MADANI

with the word Kalla.

All those surahs which have an Ayat of

something about Jihad.

Sajdah. (except surah Haj)

All those surahs narrated about the

All those surahs which some mention

about hypocrites .(Munafiqeen)

incident of Adam AS and Shaitaan.

(except surah Al Baqarah)

All those surahs which narrated

Usually address people as O!

Believers

The surahs or verses are usually longer

Usually address people as O! People.

The surahs or verses are usually small

Usually deal with Tawheed,

administrative, economic life of the

Prophethood, Resurrection and

new community and other laws.

arguments with non believers as well

as their invitation to Islam.

and detailed.

Usually deal with social, cultural,

Ayat Al Ahkam
The Method of Legislation

Using

Qawaid Fiqhiyyah

al amru lil wujub

an nahyu lit tahrim

(Al usul min ilmil Usul by Sh Muhammad ibn Uthaimin)

1. Salat

Sahih International
And when you have completed the prayer, remember Allah
standing, sitting, or [lying] on your sides. But when you become
secure, re-establish [regular] prayer. Indeed, prayer has been
decreed upon the believers a decree of specified times.
(An Nisa, 103)

2. Fasting

Sahih International
O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it
was decreed upon those before you that you may become
righteous
(Al Baqarah, 183)

3. Punishment for Adulteres

Sahih International
The [unmarried] woman or [unmarried] man found guilty of sexual
intercourse - lash each one of them with a hundred lashes, and do not
be taken by pity for them in the religion of Allah , if you should
believe in Allah and the Last Day. And let a group of the believers
witness their punishment.
(An Nur, 2)

4. Taking others properties

unjustly

Sahih International
And do not consume one another's wealth unjustly or send it
[in bribery] to the rulers in order that [they might aid] you
[to] consume a portion of the wealth of the people in sin,
while you know [it is unlawful].
(Al Baqarah, 188)

5. Writing Down the Contract of

Debt

Sahih International
O you who have believed, when you contract a debt for a specified term, write it
down. And let a scribe write [it] between you in justice. Let no scribe refuse to
write as Allah has taught him. So let him write and let the one who has the
obligation dictate. And let him fear Allah , his Lord, and not leave anything out of
it. But if the one who has the obligation is of limited understanding or weak or
unable to dictate himself, then let his guardian dictate in justice. And bring to
witness two witnesses from among your men. And if there are not two men
[available], then a man and two women from those whom you accept as witnesses so that if one of the women errs, then the other can remind her. And let not the
witnesses refuse when they are called upon. And do not be [too] weary to write it,
whether it is small or large, for its [specified] term. That is more just in the sight
of Allah and stronger as evidence and more likely to prevent doubt between you,
except when it is an immediate transaction which you conduct among yourselves. For
[then] there is no blame upon you if you do not write it. And take witnesses when
you conclude a contract. Let no scribe be harmed or any witness. For if you do so,
indeed, it is [grave] disobedience in you. And fear Allah . And Allah teaches you.
And Allah is Knowing of all things.
(Al Baqarah 282)

THE END
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