Group 1

Past Year
December 2015
Muhamad Azfar Hakim bin Mohd Jafri

2014290164

Mohamed Nurshazwan

2014478688

Nurfatin Latisha Bt Mohd Hushinie

2013623186

Siti Zulaikha Bt Nazharuddin

2013404606

Part A (Question 1 )

Urban poverty is general scarcity, dearth, or the state of one who lacks a certain amount of
material possessions or money in urban area

It is a multifaceted concept, which includes social, economic, and political elements.

Part A (Question 2)
1) High cost of living in urban areas
The cost of living in urban areas is high as there is continuous increase
the price of goods and services as well as the cost in basic
amenities.

in

2) Housing problem in urban area

Urban areas has expensive price of house. This is because the property value
in urban area is high that lead to shortage of affordable house.
3) Migration to urban areas
Migration to urban areas is created by rural poors efforts to get out of
poverty by moving to cities in search of employment but they must faced
reality that living in urban areas require high cost of living.
4) Political instability
Political instability has been known to be one of the main causes of
urban
poverty. This is because corrupt government are not accountable and solve
the issue of urban poverty.
5) Limited access to employment and income
Cities may provide better job opportunity however those with low skills level
may be left behind and find themselves struggling with the challenges of city
life.

Part A (Question 3)
Urban poverty:

Limited access to employment opportunities and income, inadequate and insecure housing and services,
violent and unhealthy environments, little or no social protection mechanisms, and limited access to adequate
health and education opportunities.

Urban residents with low skill levels, may be left behind and struggle with the day to day challenges of city
life.

Its negative impact to city image:

i.

High numbers of slums and squatters settlements

ii.

iii.

iv.

Build illegal and improper housing on others land

Increase social problems, crimes

Robbery, gambling, snatch theft

In order to survive choose the easiest way to get money

Health and environmental risk

Bad waste management, contamination, pollution, disease or virus outbreak because no proper access to infrastructure, no
vaccination

Affect everyone in country

High unemployment rate

Due to lack of skill, become jobless

Part A (Question 4)

Minimum wages

Low cost house

This has been implemented by the government as they bend some rules on the loan for agriculture
especially for fresh graduate to improve agriculture sector as well as eradicate urban poverty.

Sustain economy

This has been the initiative by the government to eradicate urban poverty as they make 1prima which is low
cost house to help the poor people in the city to reduce their burden in order to focus their money on
elsewhere.

Improving agriculture

It means that the government has allocated certain amount of wages for the people as it sets the minimum
wages for it. For example 900 Ringgit Malaysia has been allocated to the lowest wages in the country in
peninsular show that the government want to eradicate urban poverty.

The main reason for the urban poverty to occur is the people fail to cope with the economy so the economy
has be sustain or stable so that the people can in line with the development. Government has to maintain
their economy as they people can focus on increasing their standard living to break that urban poverty
chain.

Governments policy such as NEP

The biggest policy of the government is started with NEP to eradicate poverty as it was implemented on
1971 where the poverty is reaching up in the sky. This policy helped Bumiputra to break the poverty chain
as well as in the city. This policy continue with NDP which also help the Malays to be in the economy of the
country

Part B (Question 1 A)

A measurement of the distribution of income that highlights the gap between

individuals or households making most of the income in a given country and
those making very little.

Part B (Question 1 B)

Global influences

1.

Globalization is a phenomenon that has brought lots of advantages, but its also been a driver of inequality

2.

One of the many effects of this has been to lower the value of unskilled labour, right around the world, pushing
wages for skilled workers and unskilled workers in different directions.

3.

Economic liberalization is another global trend that has exacerbated inequality in almost every country where it
has been pursued

National economy

1.

Alongside global forces, the make-up of individual economies also affects equality and the balance between
manufacturing and services

2.

For example, Cities like Shah Alam is compact with industrial factory and the value of professional qualifications
has risen.

3.

Levels of employee ownership and unionization can also affect income equality.

Revenue and income

1.

The revenue of any city can be progressive or regressive, redistributing wealth around the economy.

2.

Revenue is one of the first things we think of when talking about sharing the wealth, but its much better to
prevent inequality from developing in the first place than to redistribute it afterwards.

3.

Interestingly, the model of democracy matters too. The more proportional the government, the more likely they
are to pursue equality

Part B (Question 2)

Introduction
Definition of slums:
Settlement as a household that unable to provide one of the
following basic living characteristics; durable housing that is
permanent and able to protect against extreme climate
conditions, sufficient living space, access to sufficient amounts of
clean water at affordable price, access to adequate sanitation
either in a private or public toilet and security of tenure that
prevents forced evictions.
Examples types of crime in slum areas : Theft, rape & sexual
violence, drugs abuse, drug trafficking, other types of violence
etc

 Four immediate strategies that could be taken by the authorities to

minimize crime issue in Malaysian slum areas:
1. Law and rules enforcement
Reinforce crime prevention set of rules especially in slum areas
Local authority patrolling the areas with high number of crimes
Take serious actions to those who failed to comply

2. Address the issue of poverty, upgrading the life in slum

Provide better infrastructure so they can live a life and get better job
The authorities enhance the effectiveness of town planning
E.g. sanitation, clean water, electricity etc

3. Slum relocation or provide low cost housing

Relocate the slum poor to semi-rural or outskirts of town
Increase the chance for them to have their own low-cost houses
Get them to generates legal economic securities, avoid involved in immoral
activities

4. Raid and slum removal, zero squatters policy

Slums are closely related with squatters, the occupants are illegally residing on the
area
There is need to remove the slums through raid by the authorities, they damage
urban image by doing crime
Have the right policy to combat slums areas first, crime cases will decrease

Part B (Question 3)

Lack of job

Lack of facilities

Facilities in the urban city is not that well-equipped, so the people that not satisfy with the facility will tend
to do social crime or social problem.

Unstable politics

By this it means that the government does not serve enough welfare to the people as they do not provide
enough job to the society. These people have no money to get by that they tend to do crime to get money.

The politics in the urban city has not been in the good hand as they are not stable. For example, BERSIH has
not been handled well as they terrorized the city once. By this will increase the social problem.

Unstable economy

Economy has been the most important part of the country as it determines the shape of the finance in the
country. the economy strong means that the country will be in good shape as if it is vice versa. The social
problem can occurs if the countrys economy not on good shape as the people might riot. By this it will
create social problem domestically.

Part B (Question 4)

A sustainable city is one that is economically, environmentally,

socially healthy and resilient.

A sustainable city also improved the quality of human life

maintaining the health of ecological systems.

Sustainable community uses its resources to meet current needs

while ensuring that adequate resources are available for future
generations.

It seeks improved public health and a better quality of life for all
its residents by limiting waste, preventing pollution, maximizing
conservation and promoting efficiency, and developing local
resources to revitalize the local economy."

1.

2.

Low carbon city programme

To facilitate the regional developments 50% carbon intensity and reduce

carbon emissions within Iskandar Malaysia

There are 12 actions to reduce carbon emission which grouped on three

themes that are green environment, green economy and green community

It promotes the use of public transport, use of hybrid vehicles, smart working
lifestyle and green office practices

Low carbon city encourage a healthy and sustainable environment and has
impact on socio-economic development.

Good housing scheme

Iskandar Malaysia offered Rumah Iskandar Malaysia (RIM) for the residents

It is a rental-based housing which residents can enjoy the facilities such as

multi-purpose hall, kindergartens, mosque and nearby amenities

There are several criteria for the applicants such as Malaysia citizen, aged
between 20-60 years old and work in Iskandar Malaysia

It can enhance individual well-being and community vitality

3. Ensuring safe and security

Safe and security is the prime importance for people and business in
Iskandar Malaysia

Contact policemen, ambulance or firearms in case of emergency and

disaster like floods via hotline and mobile phones

The installation of CCTVs around the region to boost safety and security

The effective use of technology it can ensure a safe and secure

environment

4. Provide best education opportunity

Iskandar Malaysia provide the best quality education system with the
existence of EduCity Iskandar

EduCity comprises of higher education institutions, academia-industry

action and R&D centres

Iskandar Malaysia can be as an education hub or known as City of

Knowledge with the presence of EduCity.

Aligned with GTP to assure quality of education for its citizen

5. Provide the best healthcare

Iskandar Malaysia provide the best healthcare for the public

ranging from public to private medical service.

Strategic location in the city of Johor Bahru, Singapore and

Indonesia lead it to become the medical destination

Provide quality and cost-effective healthcare among regions

Improved public health and better quality of life

Conclusion:

Iskandar Malaysia is a model of Malaysian sustainable city as the

development of city meets the needs of the present without jeopardizing the
ability the future generations to meet their own needs.