4G Technology

Presented By
Ujjwel Raj Shrestha

4G Definition
4G is not one defined technology or

standard, but rather a collection of

technologies at creating fully packetswitched networks optimized for data.
4G Networks are projected to provide

speed of 100Mbps while moving and

1Gbps while stationary.

0G (Zero Generation Mobile

System)
At the end of the 1940s, the first radio

telephone service was introduced, and was

designed to users in cars to the public landline based telephone network.

In the 1960s, a system launched by Bell

Systems, called, Improved Mobile Telephone

Service (IMTS), brought quite a few
improvements such as direct dialing and
more bandwidth. The very first analog
systems were based upon IMTS and were
created in the late 60s and early 70s.

Introduction
First we will look at the previous generations

of technology
Second we will find out why 4G was required.
Third how it works.

1G Technology
1G refers to the first-generation of

wireless telephone technology was

developed in 1970s.

1G had two major improvements:

the invention of the microprocessor
the digital transform of the control link between
the phone and the cell site.
Analog signal

2G Technology
Around 1980s
Better quality & capacity - More people could

use there phones at the same time

Digital Signals consist of 0s & 1s

Previous Technology - 2G
Digital consist of 0s and 1s
Digital signal:

1.Low level, 2.High level, 3.Rising edge

and 4.Falling edge

Previous Technology 2G
Digital data can be compressed and

multiplexed much more effectively than

analog voice encodings
Multiplexing -multiple analog message
signals or digital data streams are
combined into one signal
For 1 and 2G standards, bandwidth
maximum is 9.6 Kbit/sec, (I.E)
approximately 6 times slower than an
ISDN

Previous Technology - 2G
Allows for lower powered radio signals that

require less battery

PowerCODEC introduction -program that

encodes and decodes digital data stream

or signal
Translates data from digital to analog and

vice versa

Previous Technology - 2G

Advantages in Previous Technology

- 2G
The digital voice encoding allows digital

error checking

increase sound quality

lowers the noise level

Going all-digital allowed for the

introduction of digital data transfer

SMS short message service
E-mail

Disadvantages in Previous
Technology - 2G
Cell towers had a limited coverage area
Jagged Decay curve
Abrupt dropped calls
Analog gradual sound reduction

Spotty coverage

3G Technology
Large capacity and broadband capabilities
Allows the transmission of 384kbps for

mobile systems and up to 2Mbps

Increased spectrum efficiency 5Mhz

A greater number of users that can be

simultaneously supported by a radio frequency

bandwidth
High data rates at lower incremental cost than
2GGlobal roaming

Previous Technology - 3G
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
Form of multiplexing
Does not divide up the channel by time or

frequency
Encodes data with a special code associated

with each channel

Reasons for New Research

Even though 3G has successfully been

introduced to mobile users, there are some

issues that are debated by 3G providers
and users.
High input fees for the 3G service licenses
Great differences in the licensing terms
3G phones are expensive

Fourth Generation

What is 4G?

Fourth Generation Technology

Faster and more reliable

100 Mb/s
Lower cost than previous generations
Multi-standard wireless system
Bluetooth, Wired, Wireless
Ad Hoc Networking
IPv6 Core
OFDM used instead of CDMA
Potentially IEEE standard 802.11n
Most information is proprietary

Communications
Architecture
Broadcast layer:
fix access points, (i.e.) cell tower connected by

fiber, microwave, or satellite (ISP)

Ad-hoc/hot-spot layer:
wireless LANs (i.e. internet at Starbucks)

Communications
Architecture
Personal Layer Gateway:

devices that connect to upper layers; cell

phone, fax, voice, data modem, MP3 players,

PDAs

Info-Sensor layer:

environmental sensors

Fiber-optic wire layer:

high speed subterranean labyrinth of fiber optic

cables and repeaters

Ad Hoc Networks
Spontaneous self

organization of networks
of devices

Not necessarily

connected to internet

4G will create hybrid

wireless networks using

Ad Hoc networks

Form of mesh

networkingVery reliable

Enhance Mobile Gaming

Experience enhance wireless

capabilities that deliver mobile gaming

interaction with less than five seconds
Play online multi player games while

traveling at high speeds or sitting

outside

Broadband access in Remote

location
4G will provide a wireless alternative for

broadband access
I will provide first opportunity for broadband

access in remote locations without an

infrastructure to support cable or DSL access.

Thank You
By :Ujjwel Raj Shrestha
References: Google, Wikipedia