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JUDGMENT

THE SECOND
ACT OF THE
MIND

Judgment
Is a mental operation that
pronounces the agreement or
disagreement between two
ideas.

ENUNCIATION
Is the product
of the second
mental operation

A dog is an
animal.

Enunciate:
Dog and
animal

Subject idea

A dog is
an animal.
Predicate idea

Three elements that make every judgment or


enunciation, to wit:
1.Two ideas existing in the mind
2.Comparison of two ideas in the mind
3.Predication or pronouncement by the
mind on the agreement or
disagreement of the two ideas.

Affirmative Judgment
When two sides agree or when the
comprehension of the subject idea
contains all the essential notes of
the predicate idea.

Negative Judgment
When two ideas disagree or
when the subject idea does not
have all the essential notes of
the predicate idea and vice
versa.

Some people are generous.


Man is a creature.

A dog is not rational.


A tree is not a cow.

CLASSIFICATION OF
JUDGMENT
A. IMMEDIATE or INTUITIVE &
MEDIATE or DERIVED

IMMEDIATE
Expressed agreement or
disagreement of two concepts is
perceived at once, whether from the
mental analysis of the concept
alone or from direct experience.

Examples:
Man is mortal.
Ice is solid.

MEDIATE or DERIVED
The expressed agreement or
disagreement of two concepts is
perceived through a process of
inference.

Example:
Human soul is
immortal.

CLASSIFICATION OF JUDGMENT
B. ANALYTICAL (or a priori or rational)
& SYNTHETICAL (a posteriori or
empirical)

ANALYTICAL
The expressed agreement or
disagreement of the predicate
with the subject is known from
mental analysis alone.

Example:
Man is corruptible.
Man is
incorruptible.

SYNTHETICAL
The expressed agreement or
disagreement of the predicate with
the subject is known only through
the experience.

Example:
The earth is round.

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