Optimization of STHE

&
Engineering Practices
Design of HC Process
Equipments
PE 350

To Reduce Tube Side Pressure

Drop
Tube pressure drop

Decrease number of tube passes

Increase tube diameter
Decrease tube length
Increase number of tubes & hence increase shell

diameter

Fluid

velocity

Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

To Reduce Shell Side

Pressure Drop
Shell Side Pressure Drop

Increase the baffle cut

Increase the baffle spacing
Increase tube pitch
Increase tube diameter
Decrease shell diameter

Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

Continuous cleaning lanes

Continuous

cleaning lanes are required in

floating head with 90 tube pattern.
For services that require mechanical cleaning on
the shell side, square patterns must be used, as
at a tube pitch of 1.25 times O.D, triangular
arrangement does not permit mechanical
cleaning of tubes.

Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

Baffle/ Nozzle orientation

The orientation of the baffle cut is important for heat exchanger

installed horizontally.
When the shell side heat transfer is sensible heating or
cooling with no phase change, the baffle cut should be
horizontal.
For shell side condensation, the baffle cut for segmental
baffles is vertical.
For shell side boiling, the baffle cut may be either vertical or
horizontal depending on the service.
Positioning of inlet/ outlet nozzle is also important for the proper
functioning of exchangers.
In cooling water services, the inlet nozzle should be at the
bottom and outlet nozzle should be at the top.
For condensing services exit should be from the bottom
nozzle.
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Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

Selection of tube pass

arrangement
For given number of tube passes there are basically

three ways to arrange in tube bundle:

Ribbon type
Quadrant type

Ribbon

Combination of ribbon and quadrant type.

Quadrant

H-bend

Out of these three, combo type is preferred as, in this

case the nozzles are perpendicularly symmetrical
(thus mechanically and more importantly has equal
number of tubes in each pass (this keeps the tube
side velocity equal in each pass).
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Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

Bypass & Leakage Streams

Since

the

flow

fractions

depend

strongly

upon

the

path

resistances, varying any of the following construction parameters

will affect stream analysis and thereby the shell side performance
of an exchanger:
Baffle spacing and baffle cut
Tube layout angle and tube pitch
Clearance between the tube and the baffle hole
Clearance between the shell I.D. and the baffle
Location & no. of sealing strips and sealing rods

Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

Sealing Devices
IMPINGEMENT PLATE

NOMINA TIE ROD MINIMU

L SHELL DIAMET M NO.
DIAMETE
ER
OF TIE
R (Inch) (Inch)
RODS

TIE
RODS

6-15
16-27
28-33
34-48
49-60
SEALING 61-100

3/8
3/8
1/2
1/2
1/2
5/8

4
6
6
8
10
12

STRIPS

SEAL RODS
SLIDING
STRIPS
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Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

Impingement devices
Impingement rod, Impingement plate, Nozzle Impingement

baffle are the various devices use in heat exchangers to

trim down the effects of high velocity at nozzles on tube
bundle.
Comparing the impingement rods with others, they prove

better than others because:

Pressure drop is more in plates as direction of fluid

changes by 90o.
Fouling in plate is more as vortices formation at the end
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of plate.

Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16

THANK YOU

12

Design of HC Process Equipments

8/25/16