Professional Documents
Culture Documents
THEORIES
Craniofacial biology as
Normal Science
David S. Carlson
paradigm
Model or concept
Changing paradigms
INTRINSIC GENETIC FACTORS
FUNCTIONAL FACTORS
EPIGENETIC FACTORS
1920-1940
Study of craniofacial skeleton with no
consideration to function
- Anthropologic
craniometry
-Racial analysis for socioeconomic structure of
western Europe
Krogman- static approach
Moss(1982)1. Pre-radiologic phase - craniometry
2.
Radiologic phase no conceptual change
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Studies based on
Comparative anatomy,
Craniometrics,
Radiographic cephalometrics
Genomic paradigm
Genetically determined so growth pattern
invariant.
norms or standards
Treatment of bones of face ignored
heredity & unmodifiable
Focus on the more plastic dentoalveolar
area.
If not alter facial growth acceptable
dental alignment.
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1940-1960
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1. COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
2. STRUCTUROFUNTIONAL APPROACH
Comprehensive approach:
descriptive
continued craniometrics with more
sophisticated hardware -radiographs,
cephalostats and software (statistical
models).
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Structurofunctional Approach:
Experimental & analytic
Concentrated more on cause and effect
relationships
Effect of altered or abnormal function on
form
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1960-1980
Early 1960s- period of Revolution.
Development of alternative paradigm mostly
associated with Melvin Moss
Functional Matrix Hypothesis- some consider it
to be an alternative paradigm itself.
David Carlson- major component of
FUNCTIONAL PARADIGM
Daniels & Kremanak has probably both
stimulated & inhibited thinking &
experimentation. It may be harmful in thinking.
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2 Paradigms :
Theories of growth
Different theories differ in the location
at which genetic control is established.
3 major theories explaining primary
determinant of craniofacial growth
1. Bone
2. Cartilage
3. Soft-tissue matrix
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2. Five-layer structure :
-Each bone at the suture has its own twolayer periosteum covering + opposing surfaces of
the bones
-fifth layer between these periosteal
layers - allows for slight adjustments between the
bones during growth -active proliferating role layers of the periosteums of each bone.
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CONCLUSION:
Sutures are growth sites not centres.
Adaptive, compensatory or secondary
growth.
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Cartilaginous theory
SCOTTS HYPOTHESIS:
Intrinsic growth-controlling factors in cartilage &
periosteum.
Sutures are secondary & dependent on extrasutural
influences.
Cartilaginous part of skull must be recognised as
primary centres of growth, with nasal septum being
a major contributor in maxillary growth, per se.
Sutural growth responsive to synchondrosis
proliferation & local environmental factors.
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Condylar cartilage
Growth of the condylar cartilage is responsible
for the anteroposterior growth of the mandibleprimary growth centre.
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