Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Watershed Projects
Watershed Management
Putting in a place systems that ensures land resources are
Conserved
Preserved
Exploited
Sustainably
Watershed
Management
Technical
Perspectiv
e
Social Perspective
Watershed Areas
Location - Solan district, HP
Both are Rain-fed areas.
Dhundhan watershed - NABARD
Geographic features
Contd..
Kashlog Watershed - SRTT
Geography
TRIGGER
Contracting out
cutting of forest
in regular
intervals
Afforestation
with Pine trees
Fodder
Soil erosion
Objective
Assessment of effects of watershed on the four factors.
Methodology
View of villagers about the project and the change it has
brought in their lives.
FGD
Semi-structured interviews with villagers
Attending meetings (SHGs, WDC)
Interviews with service providers (PIA, School)
Qualitative
Case Studies
Quantitative
Project Interventions
Institution Building
Bio-Physical Intervention
Soil and Water Conservation: Ridge-to-Valley
Staggered Trenches
Excavation of ground along a uniform level across the slope of
the land.
Trenches decrease the length of slope into smaller sections
which slow the rate of run-off and stops soil erosion.
Water
percolation
Reduction in
run-off
Soil erosion
Increase Vegetation
Fodder
Plantation
Trenches
Land
Private land
Pasture Land
Cultivable land
Forest Land
Impact of trenches
Increased water availability in the area.
Springs and Baudis (Step-well) recharge
Quantity of discharge
Fodder Availability
Before Winter season cutting of fodder done from pasture
lands.
Used up till march but now it is consumed till July.
Earlier 40 and now 60 ghatas
Earlier due to lack of fodder livestock sold.
Fodder Increase
Difference in one year
Contd..
Napier Grass roots were given by the PIA for pasture
lands.
High growth
The Napier grass roots have held the soil, the growth has not yet
come .
Reduction in Soil
erosion
Silt Deposition
Water Retention
Manures and
fertilizers dont
wash away
Contd..
Wastage of land
Farm field bunds are used for growing Napier grass on it.
Protects the bund from erosion.
Fodder.
Permanent Check-dam
Natural springs are the main source of water for villagers.
In some springs the discharge is very high during the
monsoon season.
It results in high degree of soil erosion, formation of
gullies and destruction of vegetation.
This water couldnt be used for any purpose as it drains
out in the outlet carrying with it soil and silt.
To get benefits out of this heavy discharge, construction
of permanent check dams had been planned
Structures
Planned
Number
(Proposed)
Completed
LSCD
157
157
Gabion
160
206
Permanent CD
Ridge to Valley
Water Harvesting
Harvesting
Tank Construction
Humans
Livestoc
k
Impact
Watershed
Number of
Tanks
Capacities
(Litres)
Irrigated land
Dhundhan
1.26 Lakh
400 Bighas
Kashlog
1.50 Lakh
450 Bighas
Impact on Agriculture
As Rain-fed areas - Villagers had left rice cultivation - bad monsoons
The sowing time and crop yield were uncertain as monsoon dependent
Management of Water
Accessibility
Equity
Agro-Horticulture
To diversify the income earning opportunity
3500 saplings of mango, lemon, guava, pomegranate,
orange and Jack-fruit.
Survival rate has been 60%.
Fruits yet to yield.
Agriculture
Village Institutions
Participatory Approach
Ownership transferred
Community Participation
Community
Assets
Shramdaan
(Unskilled
Labor)
Contribution
16%
Contd...
Watershed
VillageDevelopment
DevelopmentCommittee
Committee
PIA
Contd
Farmers Club
Common interest
group, user group.
Registered society.
Information
dissemination,
knowledge sharing and
common demand for
some work by WDC.
Feeling of a group,
working together for
common good.
VDC
PIA
WDC
Apex body
Contd..
Self-Confidence.
Increased Knowledge.
Signing on documents.
Family respect and support.
100% Recovery rate.
Platform of sharing and bonding
Route for other agencies NABARD (Doodh Ganga)
Watershed
Dhundhan
30
Kashlog
Poly-Houses
Madanji 45 year old
farmer Carnation flowers
Loan of 6.5 lakh.
Subsidy 1.5 lakh from
Horticulture Department.
Flowers marketed in Delhi
3 years Revenue 10 Lakh
Recommendations
Sub-group of SHGs
Sustainability
Accessibility
Fund
utilization
Nursery
Nursery plantation on group basis.
Group Loans
Reduces risk
Requirement of saplings fulfilled for PIA
Products
Tomatoes
Jams, Sauces
Mangoes
Pickles
Local Pomegranate
Chutney Mix
Amla
Maize
Corn flakes
Contd..
Back Yard Poultry
Contd..
Livestock and Group
Milk Marketing.
The schemes will only
yield optimum benefit if
livestock management is
done.
Training and monitoring
required
Change in attitude as old
methods used
Contd..
Village fund (Sustainable - Financial)
WDC rule formation - some % of benefits from
horticulture plants should go to village fund.
Target of transfer, so that expedite capacity building and
skills.
Contd..
SMC and VHC
Members of WDC also
members of these
committees so that all
round problems and
solution can be
discussed and
implemented
Herbal Co-operative
Function and plan for
future should be ready.
Herbal saplings
according to the needs
of co-op can be
provided.
Marketed well.