grd@2008

Ir. Gerard Aponno, MS.

Shallow vs. Deep Foundation

Q

Q = Qb + Qs

Qs

Qb

Pile Classification
Pile material
Method of Fabrication
Amount of ground disturbance during pile
instalation
Method of pile instalation into ground
Method of load transfer

METODA EVALUASI
DAYA DUKUNG AKSIAL TIANG
TUNGGAL

Superior Text

BERDASARKAN HASIL UJI

TANAH (METODA STATIK)

BERDASARKAN UJI
BEBAN SKALA PENUH

PENGUJIAN
TEGANGAN
TERKENDALI

PENGUJIAN
REGANGAN
TERKENDALI

RUMUS
PANCANG

PENGUJIAN
LABORATORIUM

BATUAN

DAYA DUKUNG UJUNG

MEYERHOFT

COYLE &
CASTELLO

BEREZANTEV

TANAH NONKOHESIF

PERS.
GELOMBANG

METODA
CASE

CAPWAP
PDA & PIT

PENGUJIAN
LAPANGAN

TANAH
KOHESIF

KELILING PERMUKAAN
TIANG
CARA UMUM
COYLE &
CASTELLO
DAYA DUKUNG
UJUNG
9 Su

BERDASARKAN PERSAMAAN
DINAMIS (DYNAMIC METHOD)

KELILING
PERMUKAAN TIANG
CARA
CARA
CARA

PENETRASI
STANDAR (SPT)

DAYA DUKUNG
UJUNG
MEYERHOFT
BRIAUD

PENETRASI KONUS
/ SONDIR (CPT)

DAYA DUKUNG
KELILING PERMUKAAN

MEYERHOFT

BRIAUD

DAYA DUKUNG UJUNG

MEYERHOFT
SCHMERTMAN &
NOTHINGHAM
LCPC

DAYA DUKUNG
KELILING PERMUKAAN
NOTHINGHAM &
SCHMERTMAN

AXIAL BEARING CAPACITY OF SINGLE PILE

Qu = Qb + Qs

Qb

Qb = qb x Ap
Qs = fs x As
where:
Qu = ultimate pile capacity

Qs

Qb = ultimate point resistance

= ultimate end bearing capacity
Qs = ultimate skin resistance
qb = ultimate unit point resistance
fs = ultimate unit skin resistance
Ap = area of pile tip

Qb

As = area of pile skin

ULTIMATE POINT RESISTANCE

In general the ultimate unit point resistance can be
expressed as:

qb = cNc* + qNq* + BN*

The width B of a pile is relatively small, there for the term
BN* can be dropped from the equation without making a
serious error.

qb = cNc* + qNq*
q = D = effective vertical stress at the level of pile tip
Nc* and Nq* = the bearing capacity factors

Continued.. ULTIMATE POINT RESISTANCE

For piles in non-cohesive (sandy) soils cohesion c 0, the
ultimate unit tip resistance:

qb = cNc* + qNq*

qb = qNq*

For piles in cohesive (clayey) soils cohesion 0, Nq* 0,

the ultimate unit tip resistance:

qb = cNc* (Nc* average value = 9, and c = su)

qb = 9su

There are several

methods for the
determination of the
bearing capacity factors
Nc* and Nq* including:
Meyerhofs, Vesics,
Coyle & Castello,
Berezantevs, Janbus,
etc.

Values of Nq derived by Berezantzev et al (1961) are used widely for

the design of deep circular foundations

Values of Nq derived by Coyle and Castello(1981)

Values of Nq derived by Janbu (1976)

Soft clays

Dense sandy soils

ULTIMATE SKIN (FRICTIONAL) RESISTANCE IN SANDS

Qs = fs x As = fs p L
In general the ultimate unit skin resistance in sands can be
expressed as:

fs = Kv tan
where:
K = earth pressure coefficient
v = effective vertical stress at the depth under
consideration

soil-pile friction angel

Values of K
Type of piles

K value

Borred or Jetter

K0 = 1 sin

Low (small) displacement driven piles

K0 s/d 1.40 K0

High (large) displacement driven piles

K0 s/d 1.80 K0

Values of v
Will increases with pile depth up to a maximum limit known
as critical depth L that depends on several factors (friction
angel, compressibility and relative density) and can be
assume L = 15B
Values of to be in the range of 0.5 to 0.8

Qs based on Coyle &

Castello works

Qs = pLKv tan (0.8

fs

ULTIMATE SKIN (FRICTIONAL) RESISTANCE IN CLAYS

Qs = fs x As = fs p L
There are several methods available for to obtain ultimate
unit skin resistance of piles in clays, including:
Methods; based on a total stress analysis (TSA)
Methods; proposed by Vijayvergiya and Focht (1972)
Methods; proposed by Burland based on effective stress
of the clay in a remolded state

 METHOD:
The unit skin resistance in clayey soils can represented
by the equation:
fs = cu ( = imperical adhesion factor)

Notes: that for NC clays

with cu 50 kN/m2 the
value of is equal to one.

 METHOD:
The unit skin resistance in clayey soils can represented
by the equation:
fs = ( v + 2cu)
where:
v = mean effective vertical stress
for the entire embedment
length
cu = mean undrained shear
strength ( = 0 concept)