PENGANTAR TEORI PERUMAHAN

DAN DESAIN PERKOTAAN

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING

AISYAH ARIMURTI A.

3213100014

DESSY ISMIRAAT P.

3213100036

RESTU PUTU PRATIWI 3213100093

LUKAS JOANGGA B.

3213100094

In other parts of the world, there was neither enough money for housing nor any
serious effort to devise the essential means of production

Although the less developed countries were now allocating from 12 to 30 percent of their
gross fixed investment to residential construction, it was not benefiting the people
whose needs were the most pressing.

Housing, it was felt, called for a large input and yielded little output.

THE THEORY OF LOW-PRIORITY HOUSING

The first advocated what may be termed the devil take housing theory, which
asserts that housing is a durable form of investment requiring a substantial outlay to
create it but paying off little per year.

There are too many urgent things to attend to . . . the problem of house
building in this part of the world is one about which we dont want to be too
urgent. The more important thing is to help people to obtain the facilities to
increase production and progressively they will thereby solve the problem of
housing in their own way.
(Sir Percy Spender, Australian Ambassador to the United States. 1953)

Other economist, whose line may be called the modified devil take housing
theory, think that there may be a case for some, but not much, housing. If housing
is built, it must be confined to the musts.

There is a sharp academic distinction between economic and social change

and between production and consumption standards . . . It is possible to
concentrate on increased productivity while postponing any general changes in
the social environment until such time as adequate resources may be available
for this purpose.
(Catherine Bauer Wurster. 1953)

It is probable that the no housing before factories proposition may have been
influenced by two kinds of programs.

They failed to see that the problem of easing the shelter problem in the less
developed areas was not solved by building a host of costly public housing projects.

The General Assembly, the Economist and Social Council, and the Social Commission
of the United Nations have moved toward the position that balanced social and
econimic development is essential and have adopted resolutions to that effect.

The truth is that social changes may often come before economic changes or be
concurrent.

The Economists exceptions for permissible housing tend to multiply and render the
main argument suspect. The pressure and needs for housing are too often so great
that more of the scarce resources are consumed that would have been if there were a
sensible policy of resource allocation.

THE EFFECTS OF HOUSING ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

General economic principles on productivity do not apply equally in all areas, all
cases, and all times.

While there are no accurate yardsticks to measure its impact, housing should be
acknowledged as a necessity of life.

Because of the prevalence of extensive unemployment during the formative

period, housing program properly organized that uses a maximum of domestic
materials could be the principal means of employing people productively.

A housing program can also play an important part in developing saving and in
releasing unproductive capital into the economy. People will save for housing
even when they might not save for anything else.

Without an adequate demand for such products, factories would cease

functioning and the country might be forced to increase its imports.

During World War II, the United States temporarily curtailed housing programs;
but despite the stringency of labor and materials, it soon had to resume them
on a major scale.

The location of housing influences the site of industry as often as the placement
of industry influence housing location.

Providing the housing and utilities from the start may therefore prove a wise
economy in the long run, particularly when the transportation routes are
planned simultaneously.

SOLUSI

Housing is accepted as an
integral part of any development
program.

Encourage program that will use

the smallest amout of materials,
labor, or imports.

Promote the growth of factories

that produce materials from
local raw materials.

Prepare
land
distribution
program
that
will
confine
squatting to the proper areas.

KESIMPULAN

TERIMA KASIH