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Exchanger Design
2013-ch-37
2013-ch-57
2013-ch-65
2013-ch-81
The shell and tube exchanger is the most commonly used type of
heat-transfer equipment used in the chemical industries.
Working Principle
Two fluids at different temperature are brought in contact with
each other without mixing i.e. separated by a wall
One fluid is run through shell side and other through tube side.
Tubes
Two types of tubes
Plain or Bore Tubes
Finned Tubes
Most preferably used tubes in Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger are
Plain Tubes
Tube Dimensions
Tube diameters lie in the range of 16 mm to 50 mm
Tube Dimensions
Larger tubes are easier to clean and are preferred for heavily fouling fluids
The preferred lengths of tubes for heat exchangers are:
6 ft, 8 ft, 12 ft , 16 ft, 20 ft , 24 ft
The optimum tube length to shell diameter will usually fall within the range of
5 to 10
Tubes Arrangement
The tubes in an exchanger are usually arranged in
Triangular Pattern
Square Pattern
Rotated Square pattern
Tubes Arrangement
The triangular and rotated square patterns give higher heat transfer rates, but
at the expense of a higher pressure drop than the square pattern.
A square, rotated square arrangement is used for heavily fouling fluid, where
it is necessary to mechanically clean the outside of tube.
The square pattern is used for ease of cleaning
The recommended minimum clearance between the tubes is 0.25 in
Baffles
Types of Baffles
Segmented Baffles
Disc and Doughnut Baffles
Orifice Baffles
Segmental Baffles are commonly used in
practical Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Design.
Tube Sheet
Tubes are fixed into tube sheet which act as support for the tubes.
The tube sheet forms the barrier between the shell and tube fluids.
To allow sufficient thickness to seal the tubes the tube sheet thickness
should not be less than the tube outside diameter, up to about 25 mm
diameter
Less clearance between tubes reduce strength of tube sheet.
Shell
Shell Passes
Shell Thickness
Design Procedure