MSOffice Excel Part 4

Analyzing and Charting Financial

New Perspectives on Microsoft Office 2013

Objectives

XP

Use the PMT function to calculate a loan

payment
Create an embedded pie chart
Apply styles to a chart
Add data labels to a pie chart
Format a chart legend
Create a clustered column chart
Create a stacked column chart
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Objectives

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Create a line chart

Create a combination chart
Format chart elements
Modify the charts data source
Add sparklines to a worksheet
Format cells with data bars
Insert a watermark

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Visual Overview: SessionXP4.1

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Chart Elements

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Introduction to Financial Functio

Excel provides a wide range of financial functions

related to loans and investments.
One of these is the PMT function, which can be
to calculate the installment payment and paymen
schedule required to completely repay a loan.
Other loan functions include future value, presen
value, calculating the interest part of a payment,
calculating the principle part of a payment, and t
loan interest rate.

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Financial Functions for LoansXPan

Investments

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Working with Financial Func

Cost of a loan to the borrower is largely ba

on three factors:
Principal: amount of money being loan
Interest: amount added to the principa
the lender
Calculated as simple interest or as
compound interest
Time required to pay back the loan
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Explanation of Function Use XP

Function

Usetodetermine

FV(futurevalue
)

Howmuchaninvestmentwillbeworthafteraserie
sof
monthlypaymentsatsomefuturetime

PMT(payment)

Howmuchyouhavetospendeachmonthtorepay
a
loanormortgagewithinasetperiodoftime

IPMT(interest
payment)

Howmuchofyourmonthlyloanpaymentisusedto
pay
theinterest

PPMT(principal
payment)

Howmuchofyourmonthlyloanpaymentisusedfo
r
repayingtheprincipal

PV(presentvalu Largestloanormortgageyoucanaffordgivenaset
e)
monthlypayment
NPER(numbero

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PMT Function Variables

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To calculate the costs associated with a lo

you must have the following information:

The annual interest rate

The number of payment periods per year
The length of the loan in terms of the total num
of payment periods
The amount being borrowed
When loan payments are due

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Using the PMT Function

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Using the PMT Function

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Excel Charts

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Charts show trends or relationships in dat

that are easier to see in a graphic
representation rather than viewing the ac
numbers or data.
When creating a chart, remember that yo
goal is to convey important information th
would be more difficult to interpret from
columns of data in a worksheet.

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Choosing the Right ChartXP

Chart
Piecharts

WhentoUse
Smallnumberofcategories;easyto
distinguishrelativesizesofslices

Columnor
barchart

Severalcategories

Linecharts Categoriesfollowasequentialorder
XYscatter Toplottwonumericvaluesagainston
charts
e
another
Customcha Availablechartsdontmeetyournee
rt
ds
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Communicating Effectively with

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Charts

Keep it simple
Focus on the message
Limit the number of data series
Use gridlines in moderation
Choose colors carefully
Limit chart to a few text styles

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4 Steps for Creating ExcelXPCh

Select the range containing the data you want to chart.

On the INSERT tab, in the Charts group, click the
Recommended Chart button or a chart type button, and
click the chart you want to create (or click the Quick
Analysis button, click the CHARTS category, and then cl
chart you want to create).
On the CHART TOOLS DESIGN tab, in the Location group
the Move Chart button, select whether to embed the ch
a worksheet or place it in a chart sheet, and then click t
button.

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Creating an Excel Chart

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Select a range to use as charts data sour

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Creating an Excel Chart

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Select chart type that best represents the data

Use one of 53 built-in charts organized into 10
categories, or
Create custom chart types based on built-ins

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Inserting a Pie Chart withXPth

Quick Analysis Tool

After you select an adjacent range to use

charts data source, the Quick Analysis to
appears. It includes a category for creatin
charts. The CHART category lists
recommended chart types, which are the
charts that are most appropriate for the d
source you selected.

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To create a pie chart with theXPQu

Analysis tool

Make sure the correct range is selected.

Click the Quick Analysis button in the low
right corner of the selected range
Click the CHARTS category.

The chart types you will most likely want to use

with the selected data source are listed.

Click Pie to select the pie chart.

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CHARTS Category of the Qui

XP
Analysis Tool

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XP
Moving and Resizing Charts

Excel charts are either placed in their own chart

sheets or embedded in a worksheet.
When you create a chart, it is embedded in the
worksheet that contains the data source.
Selecting the chart displays a selection box (us
move or resize the object)
To move the chart, drag selection box to new
location in worksheet
To resize the chart, drag a sizing handle

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Choosing a Chart Style

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Recall that a style is a collection of format

that are saved with a name and can then
applied at one time.
In a chart, the format of the chart title, the
location of the legend, and the colors of th
pie slices are all part of the default chart s
You can quickly change the appearance o
chart by selecting a different style from th
Chart Styles gallery.
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Designing a Pie Chart

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Choose location of the legend, and forma

using tools on Chart Tools Layout tab

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Formatting the Pie Chart XP

Leg

You can fine-tune a chart style by formatt

individual chart elements. From the Chart
Elements button, you can open a submen
each element that includes formatting
options, such as the elements location w
the chart.
You can also open a Format pane, which h
more options for formatting the selected c
element.
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Formatted Chart Legend

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XP
Formatting Pie Chart Data Labe

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XP
Formatting the Chart Area

The charts background, which is called th

chart area, can also be formatted using fil
colors, border styles, and special effects s
as drop shadows and blurred edges.
The chart area fill color used in the pie cha
white, which blends in with the worksheet
background.

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Designing a Pie Chart

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Exploded pie charts

Move one slice away from the others
Useful for emphasizing one category ab
all of the others

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Performing What-If AnalysesXPan

Filtering with Charts

A chart is linked to its data source, and as

changes are made to the data source the
changes translate to the chart allowing a
representation of the What-if changes.
Filtering is another type of what-if analysi
that limits the data to a subset of the orig
values in a process.

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Creating a Column Chart

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Column chart
Displays values in different categories a
columns
Height of each column is based on its va
Bar chart
Column chart turned on its side
Length of each bar is based on its value

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Filtered Pie Chart

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Charts vs Pie Charts

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Column/bar charts are superior to pie charts

For large number of categories or categories cl
in value
Easier to compare height or length than area
Can be applied to wider range of data
Can include several data series (pie charts usu
show only one data series)

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Comparing Column ChartXPSu

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Inserting a Column Chart XP

Select data source

Select type of chart to create
Move and resize the chart
Change charts design, layout, and forma
Selecting one of the chart styles, or
Formatting individual chart elements

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Moving a Chart to a DifferentXP

Worksheet

Move Chart dialog box provides options fo

moving charts

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Editing the Axis Scale andXPTe

Range of values (scale) of an axis is base

values in data source
Vertical (value) axis: range of series value
Horizontal (category) axis: category value
Primary and secondary axes can use d
scales and labels
Add descriptive axis titles if axis labels are
self-explanatory (default is no titles)
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Changing and Formatting a C

Title

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XP
Session 4.2 Visual Overview

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Charts, Sparklines, and Data

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Adding Sparklines and Data

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Both convey graphical information about

worksheet data without occupying a lot o
space

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Creating Sparklines

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A mini chart displayed within a worksheet

Compact in size; doesnt include chart
elements
Goal is to convey maximum amount of
graphical information in a very small spac
Can be grouped or ungrouped
Grouped sparklines share a common for
Ungrouped sparklines can be formatted
individually
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Types of Sparklines

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Line sparkline
Highlights trends
Column sparkline
For column charts
Win/Loss sparkline
Highlights positive and
negative values

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Adding and Formatting Sparklin

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Markers

Can specify only line color and marker col

Can create line markers for highest value
lowest value, all negative values, first val
and last value
Can create markers for all data points
regardless of value or position in data sou
Can add an axis to a sparkline horizonta
that separates positive and negative valu
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Creating a Line Chart

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Use when data consists of values drawn fr

categories that follow a sequential order a
evenly spaced intervals
Displays data values using a connected li
rather than columns or bars

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Editing the Scale of the Vert

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Axis

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XP
Formatting the Chart Colum

Columns usually have a common format

distinguished by height, not color

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XP
Working with Column Width

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Formatting Data Markers

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Formatting the Plot Area

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XP
Creating a Combination Chart

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Combo Chart Example

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Creating Sparklines

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Creating Data Bars

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Conditional format that adds a horizontal bar to

background of a cell containing a numeric value
Length based on value of each cell in selected
range
Dynamic
Lengths of data bars automatically update if ce
value changes

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Modifying a Data Bar RuleXP

Alter rules of the conditional format

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Inserting a Watermark

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