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Vancouver Style of

Citation
Introduced
by
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors
(ICMJE)
In-text Citation
Full Citation
Note Cards

Compiled by
Shaimaa M. Saeed

In- text Citation


citing sources within the text

Give

a number to the source you are referring to in the text.

This

number is given according to the order in which the source


appears in the text.

Keep

the same number for the same source throughout the


whole text when used for the second or any number of times.

Numbers

should either be in brackets (1) [2]or in superscripts 4,6,8.


You must be consistent when using either of them.

Numbers

are placed after the commas and full stops and before
colons and semicolons. However, this might differ in accordance
with the requirements of each journal.

Informational Notecard Sample


Card Type (summary) (paraphrase) (Quotation)
A Subject Title

a number given to the


source according to its
order of usage in the text
Gillespie et al (12) arguedthat

Citing the Authors Names


One Author:
Vijay (5) stresses that pregnancy does not ruin the
mothers teeth.
More than one author: use et al
Crisp et al (8) point out that several factors affect
nursing: the difference between the affluent and the
fortuneless, and the surge in the prices of medical
and pharmaceutical devices.

Citing an Anonymous Author


No author: Use the name of an organization, company or
department
The Department of Finance (10) has finally calculated
the annual raise allotted for all academicians.
OR
The annual raise allotted for all academicians has finally
been calculated. (10)

Citing Direct Quotations


Use double quotation marks to cite direct quotations. Use single
quotation marks for quotations within quotations. Use . . . for
omitting a part of the quotation.
Short Quotations:
Wagester (14)states that for many years, too many in the dental
profession viewed the dental hygienist as a necessary evil (p.1).

Long quotation : more than 4 typewritten lines/ no quotation


marks
Wagester (14)states:

On the one hand, dentists knew that they needed a dental


hygienist. On the other hand, they saw the hygienist and her
department
as the money pit of their practices, one
that . . . assorted other expenses that made the
departments
profitability quotient redder than anyone
liked. (p.1)

Tables and Figures

Table 5. Chocolate related crime: Old Bailey court records (4).

Figure 3. Marconis grounded antenna (9).

Full Citation
Giving all necessary publication information about the intext cited source in a reference list at the end
of your paper
The number given to each in-text cited source corresponds
to the number of this source in the reference page
Start with 1. authors surname 2. his names initials
First line of the entry is outside; the second or rest of lines is
inside.
Abide by the punctuation marks and spaces used in the
following patterns to the letter

Citing Books: Single Author


Source number. Authors surname initials. Title:
subtitle. Edition(if not the first). Vol.(if a multivolume
work). Place of publication:
Publisher; Year.
1.Bates WH. The Bates Method for Better Eyesight
Without Glasses. 2nd ed. New York: Henry Holt &
Co; 1943.
Note:
1. For the title, capitalize only the initial of the first word.
2. There are no spaces between initials.
3. For editions, use the abbreviated form: 4th ed / 5th ed
4. Capital V for volume numbers in case of multivolume work

Citing Books: Two or More


Authors, up till six
Source number. 1st Authors surname initials,
2nd authors surname initials, 3rd author
surname initials, 4th authors surname
initials,
5th authors surname initials, 6th
authors
surname initials. Title:
subtitle. Edition(if not
the first). Vol.(if a multivolume work). Place of
publication: Publisher; Year.
5.Shamus E, Stern DF. Effective Documentation
for Physical Therapy Professionals. 2nd ed.
New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011.

Citing Books: More than six


Source number. 1st Authors surname initials,
2nd authors surname initials, 3rd author
surname initials, 4th authors surname
initials, 5th authors surname initials, 6th
authors surname initials, et al. Title:
subtitle. Edition(if not the first). Vol.(if a
multivolume work). Place of publication:
Publisher; Year.

Citing Books: Editors


Source number. Editors surname initials, editor.
Title: subtitle. Edition(if not the first). Vol.(if a
multivolume work). Place of publication:
Publisher; Year.
More than one editor:
Source number. 1st Editors surname initials,
2nd editors surname initials, editors. Title:
subtitle. Edition(if not the first). Vol.(if a
multivolume work). Place
of publication:
Publisher; Year.

Citing Books: Author(s) &


Editor(s)
Source number. Authors surname
initials. Title of chapter or part. In:
Editor A, Editor B, editors. Title:
subtitle of Book. Edition(if not the first).
Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p.
page numbers.
4.Phillips SJ, Whisnant JP. Hypertension and stroke. In:

Laragh JH, Brenner BM, eds. Hypertension:

Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management. 2nd ed.

New York: Raven Press; 1995. p.465-78.

Journal Articles
Source number. 1st Author of article, 2nd
Author of article, 3rd Author of
article.
Title of article. Abbreviated Title of Journal.
year; vol number(issue number):page
number(s).
Notes:
1. Capitalize only the initial of the first word of the title, proper nouns
and acronyms.
2. Journal titles should be abbreviated as they appear in the MEDLINE
Journals Database. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
3. Use a hyphen to refer to a range of pages, e.g. 112-18.
4. In case of citing journal articles, do not write vol. or p. before volume
and page numbers respectively.

E- Book
Source number. Author A, Author B. Title of
e-book [internet]. Place: Publisher;
Date of original publication [cited year
abbreviated month day]. Available from :
URL.

E- Journal
Source number. Author A, Author B. Title of article.
Abbreviated Title of Journal [Serial online]. year [cited year
abbreviated month day];vol (issue
no):page numbers. Available from: Database Name (if
appropriate).URL.
5.Hay PJ. Understanding bulimia. Aust Fam Physician[Serial
online]. 2007[cited 2009 Oct 11];36(9):708-712.
Available
from:http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200709/18554 .

Notes:
1. Database name is used in case the journal article is accessed from online
database. If the article is a scholarly online journal article free of charge,
no database name is written.

Internet Documents
Source number. Author A, Author B. Document title.
Webpage name [Document on the internet].
Date of internet publication [updated year Month
Day(if available); cited year month day]. Available
from: URL.

5. Truth and reconciliation: examining human rights


violations in South Africas health sector. American
Association for the Advancement of Science Web site.
[Document on the internet].1997[cited 2004 April 30].
Available from:
http://shr.aaas.org/trcmed/presub.htm.

References
1.Curtin University of Technology. Vancouver referencing. Curtin University
Library [ document on the internet]. [updated 2009 April; cited 2009
Nov 5]. Available from: http://library.curtin.edu.au/research
and information skills/referencing/vancouver.pdf.
2. The University of Queenland. References/bibliography: vancouver style.
The University of Queenland: Library. [ document on the internet].
2005 [cited 2009 Nov 5]. Available from: http://www.library.uq.edu.au/
training/citation/vancouv.pdf.
3. Imperial College. Citing and referencing guide: vancouver style. The
Library [ document on the internet].2008 [ cited 2009 Nov 5].
Available from: http:www.imperial.ac.uk/library.
4. Murdoch University. How to cite references: vancouver style. Murdoch
University: library[ document on the internet].[ updated 2008
February; cited 2009 Nov 5]. Available from: http://wwwlib.murdoch.
edu.au/find/citation/vancouver.html.

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