Professional Documents
Culture Documents
DigestiveThe
consists of the: Organs
Tract
Gastrointestinal SystemAccessory
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestines
Large Intestines
Teeth
Tongue
Salivary Glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
General Functions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ingestion
Mechanical Processing
Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Excretion
Mesenteries
Mesenteries
Digestive tract &
Accessory Organs
suspended by dorsal
and ventral
mesenteries in
embryonic life
Mesenteries
Ventral Mesentery > Lesser Omentum &
Falciform Ligament
Mucosa
Epithelial Layer & Lamina Propria
Epithelial Layer
The layer is folded to facilitate a large
surface area for digestion.
The epithelium may be simple or stratified.
Stratified Squamous- Oral Cavity, Pharynx
and Esophagus
Simple Columnar- Stomach, Small Intestine
and almost all the length of the large intestine.
Lamina Propria
Submucosa
Blood vessels
Lymphatic Vessels
Exocrine glands - buffers and enzymes
Sub mucosal plexus/Plexus of Meissner
Sensory neurons, parasympathetic ganglionic neurons and
sympathetic postganglionic fibers innervating mucosa and
submucosa
Muscularis Externa
longitudinal layer
Contraction facilitates peristalsis and
segmentation
Muscularis Externa
Serosa/Adventitia
Oral Cavity
Functions:
Analysis of material before swallowing
Mechanical processing by teeth, tongue
and palate surfaces
Lubrication with mucus and salivary
secretions
Limited digestion of carbohydrates and
lipids (Salivary Amylase & Lingual Lipase)
Salivary Glands
Salivary Gland
Submandibular Glands
-buffers, mucins & salivary amylase
Sublinguals
-contains mucus cells
Parotid Glands
-contains only serous cells salivary
amylase
Saliva
Functions
Helps keep oral surfaces clean
Moistening and lubricating of mouth and food.
Aids in tasting.
Aids in Swallowing.
Helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Helps to maintain the calcium phosphate matrix
of the teeth.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mucus
Amylase
Lingual Lipase
Alkaline Electrolyte Solution
Note:
Saliva contains thiocyanates and lysozymes that can attack and destroy
oral bacteria.
It also contains antibodies that destroy oral bacteria.
Chewing gum
Smelling or thinking about food
Irritating stimuli in esophagus, stomach &
intestines
Pharynx
Review structure in respiratory notes
Esophagus
A hollow muscular tube that transfers solid
food and liquids to the stomach.
Extends from cricoid cartilage, along
posterior surface of trachea, through
diaphragm to stomach
Cardiac Sphincter Muscles regulate the
passage of bolus into the stomach
Histology of Esophagus
Mucosa nonkeratinized stratified
squamous epithelium
Mucosa and submucosa thrown into folds
Submucosa contains mucus secreting
glands