THE CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM
THE HEART

The Location of the Heart

http://www.bem.fi/book/06/fi/0601.gif

Near to anterior chest

wall
Posterior to sternum
Base of heart lies at
the 3rd costal
cartilage
Apex of heart reaches
the 5th intercostal
space

The Heart

The Location of the Heart

http://dic.academic.ru/pictures/enwiki/71/Gray968.png

The Heart surrounded

by the pericardial sac
sits in the anterior
portion of the
mediastinum

The Heart
Measures approximately 12.5 cm from
base to apex

The Heart
A midsagittal section through the trunk
does not divide the heart into two equal
halves because:
The center of the base lies slightly to the left of the
midline
A line drawn between the center of the base and the
apex points further to the left
The entire heart is rotated to the left around this line,
so that the right atrium and right ventricle dominate an
anterior view of the heart

The Position of the Heart

The Pericardium
Lines the pericardial cavity
A serous membrane of two parts:
The Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium)
The Parietal Pericardium

The Pericardium
http://www.lbah.com/images/heart/pericardium.jpg
http://home.comcast.net/~wnor/heartpericardium.jpg

Pericardium and Heart Wall

The Heart Wall

Consists of three layers:
The Epicardium
The Myocardium
Endocardium

Epicardium
Covers the heart
Consists of a mesothelium and
underlying loose areolar connective
tissue

Myocardium
Cardiac muscle layer
with blood vessels
and nerves
Consists of concentric
layers of cardiac
muscle tissue

Endocardium
Inner surface of the heart, including the
heart valves
Lined by a simple squamous epithelium
and underlying areolar tissue

Superficial Anatomy of the Heart

(Anterior View)
Two Auricles/Atria
Two ventricles
Coronary Sulcus
Depression between
atria and ventricles

Anterior
Interventricular Sulcus
Depression between
left and right ventricles

Superficial Anatomy of the Heart

Posterior Interventricular Sulcus
Depression between right and left ventricles

Superficial Anatomy of the Heart

(Posterior View)

Internal Anatomy of the Heart

http://antranik.org/function-of-the-atrioventricular-and-semilunar-val
ves-and-fibrous-skeleton/

Fossa ovalis and

Ligamentum arteriosum are
remnants of openings in
the fetal heart

Fetal Blood Circulation

Fetal Blood Circulation

View the following website on the
differences between fetal and postnatal
blood circulation.
http://www.indiana.edu/~anat550/cvanim/fet
circ/fetcirc.html

http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb135e/Difficult%20Slides/Fetal%20Circulation%201.jpg

Coronary Circulation
Coronary Arteries

Coronary Arteries
Right Coronary Artery

Coronary Arteries
Right Coronary Artery
Supplies blood to:
Right atrium
Portions of both ventricles
Portions of the conducting system of the heart
(SA & AV nodes)

Coronary Arteries
Marginal Arteries
Extend from the right coronary artery over the
surface of the right ventricle

Coronary Arteries
Posterior Interventricular Artery
Arises from right coronary artery
Runs along posterior interventricular sulcus
Supplies blood to:
Interventricular septum
Adjacent portions of ventricles

Posterior Interventricular Artery

Posterior Interventricular
Artery

Coronary Arteries
Left Coronary Artery

Gives rise to:

Circumflex artery
Anterior Interventricular Artery

Supplies blood to:

Left ventricle
Left atrium
Interventricular septum

Coronary Arteries
Circumflex Artery
Meets and fuses with
small branches of
right coronary artery

Coronary Arteries
Anterior Interventricular Artery
Forms anastomoses with the posterior
interventricular artery

Coronary Circulation
Cardiac Veins

Cardiac Veins
Great Cardiac Vein

Cardiac Veins
Great Cardiac Vein
Drains blood from areas supplied by the
anterior interventricular artery
Empties into the Coronary Sinus which
empties into the right atrium near the base
of the inferior vena cava

Cardiac Veins
Anterior Cardiac Vein
Drains anterior surface of right ventricle
Empty into right atrium

Anterior Cardiac Vein

Cardiac Veins
Posterior Cardiac Vein
Drains area served by circumflex artery
Empties into Great Cardiac Vein

Cardiac Veins
Middle Cardiac Vein
Drain area supplied by posterior interventricular
artery
Empty into coronary sinus

Cardiac Veins
Small Cardiac Vein
Receives blood from posterior surfaces of the
right atrium and ventricle
Empties into Coronary Sinus