Human Development

Psy 1 Chapter 3

Developmental Psychology
Developmental psychologist - study the human
growth and development that occurs throughout
the entire lifespan
Human development - is the process of growing to
maturity. In biological terms, this entails growth
from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being.
Longitudinal design - involves examining the
developmental changes in relation to age.
Cross Sectional design- involves observing
different groups with different developmental
stages.

 Heredity - refers to the inherited

physiological, emotional, intellectual
and social characteristics that make
up the individual.
Environment - is the external forces
that influence the individual.

Developmental Stages
Pre natal stage before birth
Fertilization is the union of sperm cell
and egg cell (zygote), and ends
during birth, approximately nine
months after.
Prenatal period is divided into three
stages: germinal stage, embryonic
stage, and fetal stage.

Developmental Stages
Germinal stage - Zygote formation
Embryonic stage organogenesis
stage of organ formation and
development
Fetal stage further development
and growth of the rest of the body
X and Y chromosomes sex genes gametes
22 pairs of chromosomes Autosomes

Developmental Stages
Infancy and Childhood development
Rooting reflex turning head on something
that touches its cheek or side of the mouth
Sucking reflex instinctively suck on
anything that touches the roof of the
mouth
Startle or Moro reflex legs and head
extended outward with hands jerking up
later on clinching into a fist

Developmental Stages
Motor development movement and
behavior including balance
Cephalocaudal principle refers to the
general pattern of physical and
motoric development followed from
infancy into toddlerhood and even
early childhood whereby
development follows a head-to-toe
progression

 Proximodistal principle - the

development is from near to far; that
is, from the central axis of
development to the externalities
Maturation refers to the sequential
characteristic of biological growth
and development. The biological
changes occur in sequential order
and give children new abilities

Developmental Stages
Jean Piaget
Schema an organized pattern of
thought and behavior
Stages of Cognitive Development
(theory)
Sensorimotor functioning of both
sensory and motor bodily activity
Pre-operational before the start of
operational thinking

 Operational thinking Operational

thinking is generally referred to as a
type of systems thinking, but it can
also be thought of as core to the
systems thinking mindset with its
focus on how things work.
Concrete operational unable to see
from beyond or think out of the box
Formal operational able to use
abstraction

Developmental Stages

Object permanence Symbolic thinking Egocentrism Conservation Reversibility Logical operations Abstract concept -

Developmental Stages

Sigmund Freud (MD, scientist, theorist)

Psychic energy or libido Fixation Psychosexual Stage of Development (theory)
Oral 1st stage
Anal 2nd stage
Phallic 3rd stage
Latency 4th stage
Genital 5th stage

Developmental Stages

Oedipus complex Castration anxiety Electra complex Penis envy Identification

Developmental Stages
Erick Erickson Psychosocial crisis
Crisis - A crisis is any event that is, or
expected to lead to, an unstable and
dangerous situation affecting an
individual, group, community, or whole
society.
Psychosocial - means it relates to one's
psychological development in, and
interaction with, a social environment.

Developmental Stages

Adolescent Development
Primary sex characteristics
Physical growth
Abstract and analytical thinking
Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlbergs stages of moral
development

Developmental Stages

Adulthood Development
Personal experience
Cultural expectations
Menopause
Andropause
Cognitive development loss of
memory
Alzheimer disease