Professional Documents
Culture Documents
4 DOMAIN
EUKARYA:
KINGDOM FUNGI
OBJECTIVES :
Describe unique characteristics of Fungi
State the classification of Fungi into
3 major phyla based on
types of spore-bearing
structure :
- Zygomycota (Rhizopus sp.)
- Ascomycota (Penicillium sp.)
- Basidiomycota (Agaricus sp.)
Structural organization :
~ filamentous body plan
~ Basic units hyphae (tiny
filaments);
~ Hyphae elongate & branching
forming
mycelia
Haustoria :
Nutrients absorbing hyphal tips
that penetrate the tissues of host cells.
Sexual reproduction:
- Syngamy occur during sexual
reproduction
- Syngamy:
> The process of cellular union.
> There are 2 stages during
syngamy
(i) Plasmogamy - fusion of
cytoplasm
(ii) Karyogamy - fusion of nuclei
CLASSIFICATION
Classifybasedontypesofsporebearingstructure:
KINGDOM
FUNGI
Classified into 3
phyla
ZYGOMYCOTA
Rhizopus
sp.
ASCOMYCOTA
BASIDIOMYCOTA
BASIDIOMYCO
TA
Sexual spore is
basidiospore
produced by
basidium
(pl. basidia)
Asexual spore
is less in
common
(rarely occur)
ASCOMYCOTA BASIDIOMYCOT
A
Septate
Septate hyphae
hyphae
e.g. :
e.g. : Agaricus
Penicillium sp. sp.
Saccharomyces
sp.
PHYLUM ASCOMYCOTA
Conidiophore
Hypha
PHYLUM BASIDIOMYCOTA
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
i. Decomposers
~ Saprophytic fungi breakdown
complex
molecule in dead
organism
~ Able to degrade cellulose and
lignin
~ Recycle nutrient (eg : N, C, S,
P) into
ecosystem
Decompo
ser Fungi
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
ii. Symbionts
Lichens : Symbiotic
relationship between fungi and
algae / cyanobacteria
Fungi provide suitable
environment for algal growth
Algae/cyanobacteria provide
carbon and nitrogen for
fungi
Lichen
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
ii. Symbionts
Mycorrhizae : symbiotic
relationship between fungi and
plant root
Mycorrhizal fungi increase
surface area of plant root to
absorb more water and
mineral nutrients from soil
Plant root provide organic
nutrient for fungi
Mycorrhi
zae
mycorrhizae
Plant
without
mycorrhizae
Plant
associated with
mycorrhizae
Mycorrhizae
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
iii. Pathogens
Human :
Candida sp. (a type of
Ascomycetes)
Parasitic fungi cause
candiasis (infection in mouth,
throat and vagina)
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
iii. Pathogens
Plant :
Basidiomycetes
Parasitic fungi cause smuts &
rusts that attack cereal
wheat, corn and oats
Ascomycetes
Parasitic fungi cause brown
rot that attack cherry,
peaches, apricots
Smuts and
rusts
Brown rot
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
iv. Food production ( fermented
food )
Edible mushroom ( eg : Shitake
mushroom, button mushroom)
Fermentation : production of
cheese, alcohol, bread
Production of soy sauce by
fermenting soybeans with fungi
Edible
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
Fermented food
- Yeasts produce CO2 and ethyl alcohol
from sugar (e.g. glucose) by fermentation
to make bread and alcoholic beverages
Fermented food :
cheese, bread and
wine
IMPORTANCE OF FUNGI
v. Pharmaceutical
Production of antibiotic
Eg : Penicillium notatum
produce penicillin
Eg : Cephalosporium sp.
produce cephalosporin
Penicillin
notatum